Greek Proverbs: March 3

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations (and there are always more proverbs at the blog):

Σεαυτὸν αἰδοῦ.

Have respect for yourself.

The form αἰδοῦ is a middle imperative from the verb αἰδέομαι. It can mean "feel shame," but especially when it takes a direct object, as here, it has the sense of "feel fear, awe," and thus to venerate or respect. The noun αἰδώς also covers that same range of meaning, from shame and fear to awe and respect.

Ἀεργοῖς αἲὲν ἑορτά.

For lazy (people), (it's) always a holiday.

The saying is reported in one of the idylls of Theocritus; you can find out more at Wikipedia: Idyll 15. The adjective ἀεργός is an alpha-privative: ἀ-εργός, not-working, and it is being used substantively here: lazy people.

Ζητεῖτε καὶ εὑρήσετε.

Seek, and you will find.

The words are from the Sermon on the Mount in the Gospel of Matthew; find out more at Wikipedia: Matthew 7:7-8.

Οὐ νυκτὶ πλεῖς.

You are not sailing at night.

This refers to the fact that it is the night which gives you a way to steer your ship, using the stars. To be sailing by day, not by night, means to be doing something in a haphazard way without a sense of direction. As Erasmus notes, however, the saying also appears in the proverb collections without the negative — νυκτὶ πλεῖς, "you're sailing by night" — with the same negative meaning, as sailing in the dark can be dangerous too because of rocks and shoals of coastlines. Traveling by sea is dangerous at any time! (The Greek were not very adventurous navigators.)

Δεύτερος πλοῦς.

The second (way of) sailing.

This referred to sailing by the power of rowing, rather than with the wind. Obviously, it's more work — but you still get there, so the saying refers to a next-best route to success, one that might take more effort on your part. You can see the Greek root of δεύτερος in Deuteronomy, the "second book of the law" in the Hebrew Bible; see Wikipedia: Deuteronomy.

And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

---

---

---

Click here to subscribe/unsubscribe to the email list.

---

Greek Proverbs: Feb. 26

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations (and there are always more proverbs at the blog):

Λέοντα νύσσεις.

You're poking the lion.

More specifically, the verb means to poke something with a sharp stick. Obviously this is NOT something you want to do to a lion. Compare the English saying, "Poke the bear."

Ἔχθρας διάλυε.

Dissolve hatreds.

In other words, put a stop to them, break them up, let them go. This is one of the maxims attributed to the Seven Sages as reported in Stobaeus. The Greek verb διαλύω is at the root of the English word dialysis.

Φίλοις εὐνόει.

Wish your friends well.

This is another of the maxims that Stobaeus attributed to the Seven Sages. The compound verb εὐνοέω ("well-think") takes a dative complement: φίλοις. The form εὐνόει is a contract imperative; the 3rd-person singular indicative would be εὐνοεῖ, with a difference only in the accent mark. The adjective φίλος is often used substantively as a noun, "friend."  

Ἅπας ἐχῖνος τραχύς.

The whole hedgehog is prickly.

As Erasmus explains, this saying refers to a person who is "prickly" by analogy to the prickly hedgehog. In the same way that there is no un-prickly part of a hedgehog that allows you to safely pick it up, so too there are some people who are impossible to deal with no matter what you try to do: they are completely prickly. From the same root in Greek τραχύς we get English trachea, so-called because of the windpipe's bumpy cartilage.

Ἐν τριόδῳ εἰμί.

I'm at a crossroads.

This metaphor works in English as it does in Greek: it means you have to decide which way to go or, more generally, you have to decide what you are going to do. The Greek compound of three-roads intersecting (τρί-οδος) is reflected in the Latin trivium (tri-vium), which gives us English "trivial." 

And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

---

---

---

Click here to subscribe/unsubscribe to the email list.

---

Greek Proverbs: Feb. 24

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations (and there are always more proverbs at the blog):

Θεοὺς σέβου.

Revere the gods.

This is one of so-called Delphic maxims, the sayings recorded by Stobaeus. They take the form of imperatives, which means they provide lots of opportunities to practice those middle imperative forms, like this one: σέβου.

Ὁμόνοιαν δίωκε.

Pursue oneness-of-mind.

You could also translate this Greek compound ὁμό-νοια as "unanimity," un-anim-ity, or "concord," con-cord. This is another one of those Delphic maxims recorded by Stobaeus.

Εἷς ἀνὴρ οὐ πάνθ᾽ ὁρᾷ. 

One man does not see all things.

The final alpha of πάντα elides before the following vowel, and because the following vowel is aspirated, πάντ' becomes πάνθ᾽. The saying is from Euripides's Phoenician Women.

Χάρις χάριν τίκτει.

One kindness gives rise to another.

Compare a saying you saw earlier at this blog: Δίκη δίκην τίκτει, καὶ βλάβη βλάβην. The Greek word χάρις has a wide range of meaning, as you can see at Logeion: χάρις.

Πάσα ἀρχὴ δύσκολος.

Every beginning is difficult.

As someone who is beginning the study of Japanese, I can attest to the truth of this saying! Note that like so many compound adjectives, δύσκολος does not have a distinctive feminine form: it is both masculine and feminine. 

And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

---

---

---

Click here to subscribe/unsubscribe to the email list.

---

Greek Proverbs: Feb. 19

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations (and there are always more proverbs at the blog):

Ἡ πεῖρα διδάσκαλος.

Experience is a teacher.

You can find the saying in Gregory of Nyssa, and likewise in John Chrysostom. Plus here's a fun word origin: from Greek πεῖρα and its derivative, πειρατής, we actually get the English word pirate! We also get technical terms like empirical.

Κύκνειον ᾆσμα.

A swan song.

You've seen another version of this saying in a previous post: Κύκνειον μέλος. The legend of the song that the swan (supposedly) sings just before it dies, having spent the rest of its life in silence, has its own article at Wikipedia: Swan song. The word ᾆσμα is from the verb ἀείδω, "sing," while μέλος has a more general meaning: it is a "part" or "limb" of a larger whole, and then comes to mean specifically a "tune" or "song."

Ὄφεως ὄμμα.

The eye of a snake.

This proverbial phrase refers to someone who has a particularly sharp and piercing gaze. 

Γνῶθι σεαυτόν. 

Know yourself.

You can read about this Delphic maxim at Wikipedia: Know thyself. You will also find this form of the saying: Γνῶθι σαυτόν, as in this Roman mosaic, which uses the saying as a kind of "memento mori."

Ἄκουε πάντα.

Listen to everything.

This is one of the Delphic maxims recorded by Stobaeus. Notice the accusative object, πάντα. That means ἄκουε has the sense of "listen to," as in listening to things, to sounds heard. When ἀκούω takes the genitive, it has the sense of "hearing" a person, and even "hear and obey."

And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

---

---

---

Click here to subscribe/unsubscribe to the email list.

---