Greek Proverbs: June 9

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs (the quiz results display only at the blog, not in the email):

Δὶς κράμβη _____.

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Δὶς κράμβη θάνατος.

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Δός τι καὶ _____ τι.

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Δός τι καὶ λάβε τι.

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Παρ᾿ _____ λυρίζεις.

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Παρ᾿ ὄνῳ λυρίζεις.

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Εἰς _____ φάτνας.

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Εἰς ἀρχαίας φάτνας.

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Δωδωναῖον _____.

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Δωδωναῖον χαλκεῖον.

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Δὶς κράμβη θάνατος.

Cabbage two days in a row (is) death.

Cabbage was proverbially the food of poor people, and having to eat cabbage day after day is proverbial hyperbole for desperate poverty. The saying appears in the letters of Basil of Caesarea. You can find out about the Greek personification of death at Wikipedia: Thanatos.

Δός τι καὶ λάβε τι.

Give something and receive something.

Compare the English saying, "Give and take." The Greek phrase appears in a dialogue formerly attributed to Plato but now considered spurious; you can find out more at Wikipedia: Axiochus. In that dialogue, it is paired with a similar saying you saw in this blog post: Ἁ δὲ χεὶρ τὰν χεῖρα νίζει, "One hand washes another."

Παρ᾿ ὄνῳ λυρίζεις.

You're making music for a donkey.

This is yet another Greek proverb about the mismatch between donkeys and the music of the lyre. To have a donkey for your audience means, metaphorically, that you are wasting your time; the person you are speaking to cannot appreciate what you are saying. See this earlier post: Ὄνος λύρας ἀκούων κινεῖ τὰ ὦτα — and also this one: Τί γὰρ κοινὸν λύρᾳ καὶ ὄνῳ;

Εἰς ἀρχαίας φάτνας.

To their former mangers.

As Erasmus explains, this proverb is based on the way that animals return to their familiar feeding-troughs. Metaphorically, it applies to people who have suffered a reversal of fortune, causing them to return to their old lifestyle. The root of the adjective ἀρχαῖος is ἀρχή, "beginning, first, former," which you can see in the English noun archetype and in the adjective archaic.

Δωδωναῖον χαλκεῖον.

A bronze (bell) of Dodona.

This saying referred to a noisy person, as if they were as loud as the famous bronze bell or cymbal of Dodona (an oracle site in northern Greece) that rang out whenever the wind blew; another source tells us that the oracle spoke through a series of interconnected kettle drums made of bronze, such that when any one of them was struck, they all resounded. In any case, something noisy was going on at the oracle of Dodona, and that's what this saying refers to: a whole lot of noise-making! Find out more at Wikipedia: Dodona.

Δὶς κράμβη _____.

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Δὶς κράμβη θάνατος.

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Δός τι καὶ _____ τι.

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Δός τι καὶ λάβε τι.

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Παρ᾿ _____ λυρίζεις.

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Παρ᾿ ὄνῳ λυρίζεις.

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Εἰς _____ φάτνας.

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Εἰς ἀρχαίας φάτνας.

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Δωδωναῖον _____.

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Δωδωναῖον χαλκεῖον.

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Proverbs: June 4

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs (the quiz results display only at the blog, not in the email):

______ δίδασκε.

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Νεώτερον δίδασκε.

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______ σπείρεις.

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Πέτρας σπείρεις.

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Ἐπὶ ______ μὴ καυχῶ.

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Ἐπὶ ῥώμῃ μὴ καυχῶ.

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______ ἐν προθύρῳ.

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Κύων ἐν προθύρῳ.

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Λύκων ______.

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Λύκων φιλία.

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Νεώτερον δίδασκε.

Teach a younger person.

This is one of those "Delphic maxims" recorded by Stobaeus. The word νεώτερος is a comparative form of νέος meaning "newer, younger; very new, very young." Catullus and other contemporary Roman poets were known as "neoteric" poets; they were the νεωτερικοί, the poetae novi. You can find out more at Wikipedia: Neoteric.

Πέτρας σπείρεις.

You're sowing rocks.

Of course, you are supposed to sow seeds, not rocks: you are not going to get any harvest if you sow rocks! Compare a similar saying about a futile endeavor from a previous post: Πέτρας ἕψεις.

Ἐπὶ ῥώμῃ μὴ καυχῶ.

Do not boast in your strength.

This is another one of those Delphic maxims preserved by Stobaeus, who attributes them to the Seven Sages. The word καυχῶ is a middle imperative from the verb καυχάομαι.

Κύων ἐν προθύρῳ.

A dog in his doorway.

This is about someone who is bold, perhaps too bold, the way that a dog in the doorway of his house will bark and bark, boldly accosting any stranger who dares to approach. 

Λύκων φιλία.

The friendship of wolves.

This is not much of a friendship, since wolves have no loyalty whatsoever. You can also find this idea expressed as a single word: λυκοφιλία.

______ δίδασκε.

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Νεώτερον δίδασκε.

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______ σπείρεις.

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Πέτρας σπείρεις.

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Ἐπὶ ______ μὴ καυχῶ.

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Ἐπὶ ῥώμῃ μὴ καυχῶ.

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______ ἐν προθύρῳ.

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Κύων ἐν προθύρῳ.

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Λύκων ______.

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Λύκων φιλία.

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Proverbs: June 2

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs (the quiz results display only at the blog, not in the email):

Κατὰ ______ ἥκεις.

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Κατὰ θεὸν ἥκεις.

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______ ὀφθαλμός.

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Δίκης ὀφθαλμός.

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Αὐλητοῦ ______ ζῇς.

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Αὐλητοῦ βίον ζῇς.

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______ ὕεται.

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Ὄνος ὕεται.

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Σαρδώνιος ______.

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Σαρδώνιος γέλως.

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Κατὰ θεὸν ἥκεις.

You come by god.

This is a polite greeting to a guest, especially to an unexpected guest. In other words: it is by the will of a god that you have come here, like a divine version of  the English phrase "welcome" (i.e. well-come). The phrase "κατὰ θεὸν" appears in the LSJ dictionary entry for κατά with the meaning of "by the favour of a god, etc." 

Δίκης ὀφθαλμός.

The eye of justice.

There is a fuller form of this saying found in Plutarch, quoting an iambic line from an unidentified tragic poet: Ἔστι Δίκης ὀφθαλμός, ὅς τὰ πάνθ' ὁρᾷ, "There is an eye of justice that sees all things" (πάνθ' ὁρᾷ = πάντα ὁρᾷ). For more about Δίκη, the goddess of justice, see Wikipedia: Dike.

Αὐλητοῦ βίον ζῇς.

You are living the life of a flute player.

This referred to living a life of luxury, but at someone else's expense — because of the fact that these flute-players provided entertainment at banquets, where they were able to feast at someone else's table (see Erasmus). You can read more about this Greek instrument at Wikipedia: Aulos. From the Greek root of ζήω, we get English zoology.

Ὄνος ὕεται.

The donkey is being rained on.

This saying refers to someone who can't be bothered to do anything, no matter what is happening, just as a donkey stands there in the rain and doesn't bother to look for shelter.

Σαρδώνιος γέλως.

Sardonic laughter.

The Greek word Σαρδώνιος is a variant of Σαρδάνιος, referring to the island of Sardinia, called Σαρδώ in Greek; see Wikipedia: Sardinia. This phrase has survived in English, meaning laughter that is scornful or mocking. Different ancient authors offer different explanations for this saying. I like the one about a plant that grows in Sardinia which was so bitter that it twisted people's faces into a sneering grin. It might have been a poisonous form of hemlock, so that the people who ate the plant smiled themselves to death; details here: The Chilling Origins Of The Sardonic Laugh.

Κατὰ ______ ἥκεις.

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Κατὰ θεὸν ἥκεις.

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______ ὀφθαλμός.

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Δίκης ὀφθαλμός.

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Αὐλητοῦ ______ ζῇς.

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Αὐλητοῦ βίον ζῇς.

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______ ὕεται.

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Ὄνος ὕεται.

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Σαρδώνιος ______.

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Σαρδώνιος γέλως.

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Proverbs: May 28

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs (the quiz results display only at the blog, not in the email):

______ γεωργεῖν.

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Ἀνέμους γεωργεῖν.

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______ μὴ πίστευε.

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Τύχῃ μὴ πίστευε.

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Νέα ______.

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Νέα χελιδών.

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______ πέτρα.

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Ἀγέλαστος πέτρα.

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Ἀπὸ ______ θεός.

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Ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός.

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Ἀνέμους γεωργεῖν.

To farm the winds.

This is another proverbial fool's errand. You are supposed to farm the earth, which is literally what the word means: the γεωργός, "farmer," is someone does work ἔργον on the earth γεω-. Nothing will come of farming the winds. Of course, now in the 21st century we do have wind-farms! From the Greek word ἄνεμος we get English "anemometer" which measures the speed of the wind. And from Greek farming, we get the name George in English.

Τύχῃ μὴ πίστευε.

Don't trust in luck.

This is one of the so-called Delphic maxims recorded by Stobaeus; you can find out more at Wikipedia.

Νέα χελιδών.

A new swallow.

The swallow was the proverbial herald of spring, and so the new swallow referred to the advent of springtime (see Aristophanes' Knights). In connection with this saying, Erasmus cites an ancient song from Rhodes: Ἦλθε, ἦλθε χελιδών, καλὰς ὧρας ἄγουσα καὶ καλοὺς ἐνιαυτούς, "Come, come, swallow, bringing good seasons and good times." This Greek folk song even has its own article at Wikipedia: Swallow song of Rhodes. From the same Greek root in νέα, we get all the neo- words in English like neolithic, neologism, etc.

Ἀγέλαστος πέτρα.

The un-laughing stone.

This refers to the stone at Eleusis on which the grieving Demeter rested while she searched for her daughter Persephone; see Wikipedia: Abduction of Persephone for that story. Note that the alpha-privative adjective ἀ-γέλαστος does not have a distinct feminine form; instead, the feminine and masculine forms are the same. This is true not just for alpha-privatives but for many other compound adjectives as well.

Ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός. 
God from the machine.
This is better known in its Latin form: Deus ex machina. The machine in question is the crane used in ancient Greek theater to lower a god onto the stage, and the phrase refers to some unexpected event; find out more at Wikipedia: Deus ex machina. From Greek θεός we get English theology, the name Theo, and many other words.

______ γεωργεῖν.

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Ἀνέμους γεωργεῖν.

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______ μὴ πίστευε.

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Τύχῃ μὴ πίστευε.

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Νέα ______.

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Νέα χελιδών.

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______ πέτρα.

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Ἀγέλαστος πέτρα.

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Ἀπὸ ______ θεός.

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Ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός.

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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