Greek Proverbs: July 14

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs (the quiz results display only at the blog, not in the email):

_______ ἄνδρα δείκνυσιν.

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Ἀρχὴ ἄνδρα δείκνυσιν.

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Φέρει καὶ _______ γάλα.

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Φέρει καὶ ὄρνις γάλα.

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Ἅμαξα τὸν _______ ἕλκει.

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Ἅμαξα τὸν βοῦν ἕλκει.

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Ὃ ἂν μὴ ἴδῃς μὴ _______.

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Ὃ ἂν μὴ ἴδῃς μὴ λέγε.

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Ἐὶ καὶ _______ ἐμνήσθης.

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Ἐὶ καὶ λύκου ἐμνήσθης.

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Ἀρχὴ ἄνδρα δείκνυσιν. 

Rule reveals the man.

In other words, when you put someone in charge of something (ἀρχή is the notion of being "first" and then, by extension, it means the power that comes from being at the head of something, being in charge; see next saying), you see what kind of man he is. This is one of the sayings attributed to Pittacus, who was one of the Seven Sages; you can find out more at Wikipedia: Pittacus of Mytilene.

Ἐὶ καὶ λύκου ἐμνήσθης.

If you even mention the wolf.

This is the Greek equivalent of the English saying, "speak of the devil," i.e. "speak of the devil, and he will appear," but with the wolf instead of the devil: "if you even mention the wolf (he will come)." About the καὶ: this is an adverbial καὶ, "even," which implies the idea of summoning the wolf. In other words, "if you summon the wolf, of course he will come; but if you even mention the wolf... he will come!" As Erasmus explains, the saying is used when someone turns up or something happens unexpectedly after being mentioned in conversation, just as we use "speak of the devil" in English today. The Latin equivalent was lupus in fabula or lupus in sermone, which both mean "the wolf in conversation."

Φέρει καὶ ὄρνις γάλα.

Even a chicken gives milk.

This refers to a land of supernatural abundance: in that magical land, even a chicken gives milk, not just eggs. Compare the English saying, "Rare as hens' teeth." You can also find this idea expressed simply as ὀρνίθων γάλα, "hens' milk," referring to something implausible or even absurd.

Ἅμαξα τὸν βοῦν ἕλκει.

The cart is pulling the ox.

Compare the English saying: "Don't put the cart before the horse."

Ὃ ἂν μὴ ἴδῃς μὴ λέγε.

If you didn't see it, don't say it.

The words are attributed to Solon, one of the Seven Sages; find out more at Wikipedia: Solon. The particle ἂν with the subjunctive ἴδῃς conveys a hypothetical sense.  The verb ἴδῃς (aorist subjunctive) is used with the verb ὁράω, and this aorist stem is from the Indo-European root weyd- which you can see also in Latin video, and the same root also gives English "wise" and "wit" etc. You can read about the Indo-European stem at the wiktionary.

_______ ἄνδρα δείκνυσιν.

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Ἀρχὴ ἄνδρα δείκνυσιν.

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Φέρει καὶ _______ γάλα.

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Φέρει καὶ ὄρνις γάλα.

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Ἅμαξα τὸν _______ ἕλκει.

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Ἅμαξα τὸν βοῦν ἕλκει.

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Ὃ ἂν μὴ ἴδῃς μὴ _______.

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Ὃ ἂν μὴ ἴδῃς μὴ λέγε.

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Ἐὶ καὶ _______ ἐμνήσθης.

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Ἐὶ καὶ λύκου ἐμνήσθης.

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Proverbs: July 9

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs (the quiz results display only at the blog, not in the email):

Πλέον ______ παντός.

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Πλέον ἥμισυ παντός.

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Ἔργου ______ οἱ λόγοι.

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Ἔργου σκιὰ οἱ λόγοι.

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Ταντάλειοι ______.

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Ταντάλειοι τιμωρίαι.

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______ πόκους ζητεῖς.

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Ὄνου πόκους ζητεῖς.

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Πυθίων ______ ἧκες.

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Πυθίων ὕστερον ἧκες.

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Πλέον ἥμισυ παντός.

The half is greater than the whole.

The Greek saying was used to refer to someone who would risk losing what they have in order to gain something more; compare the English saying, "A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush." The adjective πλέον is comparative, so it takes a genitive complement: παντός. From the root in Greek ἥμισυ we get the hemi- words in English like hemisphere.

Ἔργου σκιὰ οἱ λόγοι.

Words (are) the shadow of the deed.

You can see the Greek root εργ- in English words like energy and ergonomic. Meanwhile, the word σκιὰ is lurking in the English word "squirrel," as the squirrel was called σκίουρος in Greek: σκιά-οὐρά, shadow-tail, thanks to the way its big busy tail is like an umbrella! (Meanwhile, "umbrella" is from the Latin word for shadow: umbra.)

Ταντάλειοι τιμωρίαι.

Tantalean punishments.

This proverbial phrase refers to the punishments that Tantalus suffered for the various crimes he committed against the gods, including an attempt to feed them the flesh of his son, Pelops. You can find out more at Wikipedia: Tantalus' Savage Banquet. Tantalus was then punished in the underworld by seeing fruit that he could never eat and water that he could never drink, which is the origin of the English word "tantalize."

Ὄνου πόκους ζητεῖς.

You're looking for wool from a donkey.

This is another proverbial fool's errand: you get wool from a sheep, not from a donkey. Compare the proverbial English "hen's teeth." The saying appears in Aristophanes' The Frogs, where Charon, the boatman, asks: τίς εἰς τοῦ Λήθης πεδίον, τίς εἰς ὄνου πόκας; "Who's for the plain of Lethe? Who's for the donkey's wool?" In this context, the "donkey's wool" is not just a fool's errand, but instead is an ultimate "nowhere," the annihilation that awaits all Charon's passengers. 

Πυθίων ὕστερον ἧκες.

You came late for the Pythian Games.

This is a proverbial saying for being late to an event. The Pythian Games were held every four years, as were the other Panhellenic Games, including the Olympics. So, if you showed up late for the Pythian Games, you would have four years to wait! You can read more at Wikipedia: Pythian Games. Erasmus provides some other similar expressions: Κατόπιν τῆς ἑορτῆς, "late to the party," and Παναθηναίων κατόπιν, "late for the Panathenaea festival."

Πλέον ______ παντός.

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Πλέον ἥμισυ παντός.

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Ἔργου ______ οἱ λόγοι.

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Ἔργου σκιὰ οἱ λόγοι.

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Ταντάλειοι ______.

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Ταντάλειοι τιμωρίαι.

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______ πόκους ζητεῖς.

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Ὄνου πόκους ζητεῖς.

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Πυθίων ______ ἧκες.

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Πυθίων ὕστερον ἧκες.

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Proverbs July 7

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs (the quiz results display only at the blog, not in the email):

Ἀφροδίτῃ ______ τέθυκεν.

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Ἀφροδίτῃ ὗν τέθυκεν.

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Ἀεὶ τὰ ______ βελτίω.

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Ἀεὶ τὰ πέρυσι βελτίω.

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Ἀπὸ ______ ἐφ᾽ ἵππους.

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Ἀπὸ ὄνων ἐφ᾽ ἵππους.

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Εἶς ἀνὴρ ______ ἀνήρ.

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Εἶς ἀνὴρ οὐδεὶς ἀνήρ.

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Ἀντὶ πέρκης ______.

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Ἀντὶ πέρκης σκορπίον.

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Ἀεὶ τὰ πέρυσι βελτίω.

The things of yesteryear (are) always better.

The word βελτίω is neuter plural, although you can also find the expected form βελτίονα; the dictionary form (masculine singular) is βελτίων, and it is used as the comparative form of ἀγαθός: better.

Ἀπὸ ὄνων ἐφ᾽ ἵππους.

From donkeys to horses.

This refers to someone whose life changes for the better: donkeys pulled the carts of poor people, while the rich relied on horses instead. There are many English words which feature the Greek ἀπό, such as apostate and apostle.

Εἶς ἀνὴρ οὐδεὶς ἀνήρ.

One man (is) no man.

The idea is that you cannot do anything alone, so one man is really no better than nobody at all. This saying is a good way to remember how the words εἶς, "one" and οὐδεὶς "not-one" — οὐ-εὶς — are related. In this proverb, οὐδείς is being used adjectivally, modifying ἀνήρ; see today's final proverb for the same word being used substantively as a noun, meaning "nobody." The Greek saying is the motto of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity.

Ἀντὶ πέρκης σκορπίον.

(To give) a scorpion instead of a perch.

The word σκορπίον is in the accusative, which lets you know there is an implied verb. The saying applies to any situation where, instead of a welcome or useful gift (like a perch, something nice to eat), you receive something that is unexpected and dangerous, not what you hoped for at all. Compare this similar idea in the Gospel of Luke: καὶ αἰτήσει ᾠόν, ἐπιδώσει αὐτῶ σκορπίον; "and if he asks for an egg, will he give him a scorpion?" (and see also the Gospel of Matthew).

Ἀφροδίτῃ ὗν τέθυκεν.

He's offered a pig to Aphrodite.

Offering a pig to Aphrodite would be a very foolish thing to do because Aphrodite has no fondness for pigs or any members of the pig family, especially after her lover Adonis was slain by a wild boar. Metaphorically, then, this saying refers to someone acting inappropriately.

Ἀφροδίτῃ ______ τέθυκεν.

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Ἀφροδίτῃ ὗν τέθυκεν.

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Ἀεὶ τὰ ______ βελτίω.

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Ἀεὶ τὰ πέρυσι βελτίω.

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Ἀπὸ ______ ἐφ᾽ ἵππους.

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Ἀπὸ ὄνων ἐφ᾽ ἵππους.

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Εἶς ἀνὴρ ______ ἀνήρ.

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Εἶς ἀνὴρ οὐδεὶς ἀνήρ.

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Ἀντὶ πέρκης ______.

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Ἀντὶ πέρκης σκορπίον.

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Proverbs: July 2

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs (the quiz results display only at the blog, not in the email):

______ μελάντερος.

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Κανθάρου μελάντερος.

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______ τὰ ἀνθρώπινα.

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Κύκλος τὰ ἀνθρώπινα.

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Ἄλλην ______ βαλάνιζε.

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Ἄλλην δρῦν βαλάνιζε.

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Ἐλαίῳ ______ σβεννύεις.

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Ἐλαίῳ πῦρ σβεννύεις.

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______ ἀντί ἀλφίτων.

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Ῥήματα ἀντί ἀλφίτων.

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Κανθάρου μελάντερος.

Blacker than a dung-beetle.

The word μελάντερος is a comparative form, so it takes a genitive complement: κανθάρου. As Erasmus explains, the dung-beetle was a foul creature held in low regard. The ancient Egyptians, on the other hand, considered the dung-beetle to be sacred; you can find out more at Wikipedia: Dung-beetle. You can see the Greek root μέλαν- in English melanin and melancholy.

Κύκλος τὰ ἀνθρώπινα.

Human things (are) a circle.

The words are from Aristotle's Physics, referring to the way that humans are born and then die, and then more humans are born, and then die, and the same is true of all things in time, coming into being and then passing away. Aristotle then goes on to speculate that time itself, ὁ χρόνος αὐτὸς, appears to be, εἶναι δοκεῖ, some sort of circle, κύκλος τις: καὶ γὰρ ὁ χρόνος αὐτὸς εἶναι δοκεῖ κύκλος τις.

Ἄλλην δρῦν βαλάνιζε.

Shake down acorns from some other oak.

In other words: stop borrowing money from me; go borrow from somebody else! The verb βαλανίζω is from the noun βάλανος, meaning "acorn," i.e. "acorn-ize." From the Greek root ἄλλ-, we get English words like allograph, which is a signature that someone makes for another person. 

Ἐλαίῳ πῦρ σβεννύεις.

You're putting out a fire with olive oil.

This is one of Plutarch's adynata. Compare the English "putting out a fire with gasoline" i.e., you're not putting the fire out; you're making it worse.

Ῥήματα ἀντί ἀλφίτων.

Words in place of barley.

The implication is that words cannot fill your stomach the way barley can; talk is a poor substitute for food when you are hungry. Compare the English saying, "Fine words butter no parsnips." The root in Greek ῥῆμα is the same root you see in ῥήτωρ, and thus also in English rhetoric.

______ μελάντερος.

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Κανθάρου μελάντερος.

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______ τὰ ἀνθρώπινα.

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Κύκλος τὰ ἀνθρώπινα.

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Ἄλλην ______ βαλάνιζε.

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Ἄλλην δρῦν βαλάνιζε.

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Ἐλαίῳ ______ σβεννύεις.

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Ἐλαίῳ πῦρ σβεννύεις.

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______ ἀντί ἀλφίτων.

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Ῥήματα ἀντί ἀλφίτων.

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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