Greek Proverbs: Feb. 5

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations (and there are always more proverbs at the blog):

Κολοιὸς παρὰ κολοιόν.

Jackdaw (sits) next to jackdaw.

Compare the English saying, "Birds of a feather flock together." The LSJ entry for κολοιός cites this proverb, along with several other sayings about jackdaws.

Πρεσβύτερον σέβου.

Respect the elder.

This admonition is attributed to Chilon of Sparta, one of the Seven Sages of ancient Greece, and it is included among the so-called Delphic maxims; you can find out more at Wikipedia. The word πρεσβύτερος is the comparative form of πρέσβυς, "old." You can see this Greek root in the English word "presbyterian," and it is also the origin of the word "priest."

Θυμοῦ κράτει.

Master your emotions.

The Greek word θυμός covers a whole range of emotions, as you can see in the LSJ dictionary entry, so I just opted for "emotions" as the translation, even though it is singular in Greek; another translation could be: "Control your anger."  The verb κρατέω takes a genitive complement: θυμοῦ. The verb is formed from the noun κράτος, meaning "strength, power," etc., and you can see that same root in the -cracy words in English like democracy, aristocracy, bureaucracy, etc.

Αἱ Χάριτες γυμναί.

The Graces (are) nude.

In other words, the Graces are completely open and sincere, without pretense of any kind. The word χάρις in Greek also means gratitude (compare English "to say grace"), so the idea is that your gratitude should also be completely open and sincere. You can read more about the Graces at Wikipedia: Charites. And from Greek χάρις we get English charisma, and you can see γυμν- in gymnasium.

Γόργειον βλέπειν.

To gaze like a Gorgon.

Compare the English saying: "If looks could kill." The gaze of a Gorgon really could kill by turning you into stone. Erasmus reports this saying in a slightly different form: Γοργὸν βλέπειν. Erasmus also cites Homer describing Hector Γοργοῦς ὄμματ᾿ ἔχων, "having Gorgon's eyes" (Iliad 8). You can read more about the Γοργώνες and their deadly gaze at Wikipedia: Gorgons.

And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Proverbs: Feb. 3

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations (and there are always more proverbs at the blog):

Ἀνδρὶ σοφῷ πᾶσα γῆ βατή.

The whole world is open to the wise man.

This is a fragment of the philosopher Democritus, the idea being that wisdom removes all obstacles. The word γῆ gives us English geology and geometry. The word also appears in the form γαῖα, as in the name of the Earth Goddess; find out more at Wikipedia: Gaia.

Κύριε, ἐλέησον.

Lord, have mercy.

The word ἐλέησον is a different kind of imperative; this is an aorist imperative from the verb ἐλεέω. The sigma is a clue that you are dealing with an aorist imperative; like most contract verbs, ἐλεέω has a sigmatic aorist: ἠλέησα (stem: ἐλέησ-). This phrase from Christian Greek is also found in Christian Latin: Kyrie eleison, or simply Kyrie. You can find out more at Wikipedia: Kyrie.

Σκιὰ ἀντὶ τοῦ σώματος.

A shadow instead of a body.

This saying was applied to people who might appear to be powerful but who have no power at all, like a shadow. From the root of Greek σῶμα we get English somatic.

Λάθε βιώσας.

Escape notice as you live your life.

As Erasmus explains, this saying praises the humble life, living unnoticed, not seeking fame. The Greek verb λανθάνω means, in the active voice, "escape notice" or "be unnoticed" (λάθε is the aorist active imperative). In the middle and passive forms, it means to "let something escape notice, " i.e. "forget." You can see the same root in the word Λήθη, the river of forgetfulness in the underworld; for more, see Wikipedia: Lethe.

Βατράχοις οἰνοχοεῖς.

You're pouring wine for frogs.

This is one of those proverbial "fool's errands," a bit like "pearls before swine." Because frogs don't drink wine, only water, you are wasting the wine that you pour for them.

And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Proverbs: Jan. 29

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations (and there are always more proverbs at the blog):

Εὐτυχίαν εὔχου.

Pray for success.

This is one of the "Delphic maxims" recorded by Stobaeus. The word εὐτυχία is literally εὐ-τυχία, "good luck, good fortune," and it also means success. Notice that the act of praying, εὔχομαι, is one of those middle verbs that takes a direct object (εὔχου is a middle imperative).

Ἀντὶ ἡμέρας νὺξ ἐγένετο.

Instead of day, there was night.

The cycles of night and day, day and night, provides a proverbial way to express the ups and downs of life, its bright moments and its dark moments; something has gone very wrong when the cycle is out of kilter. The Greek νύξ is cognate with English night, from proto-Indo-European nókʷts. You can see the Greek ἡμέρα in the English ephemeral, i.e. lasting for just a day.

Ἄλλος οὗτος Ἡρακλῆς.

This man (is) another Heracles.

As Erasmus explains, the words refer to someone who is tireless and willing to carry out enormous tasks, just as Heracles was; it can also refer to an exceptionally strong man. You can find out more about the ancient hero Heracles, called Hercules by the Romans, at Wikipedia: Heracles.

Νόμῳ πείθου.

Obey the law.

This is another of the maxims attributed by Stobaeus to the Seven Sages. The word πείθου is a middle imperative from πείθω, and one of the middle meanings of this verb is "obey" (in the sense of listen and obey, trust and obey), and it takes a dative complement: νόμῳ. In terms of etymology, πείθω is cognate with Latin fido, which means it is a cousin of English faith. Here is the Indo-European root: bʰéydʰeti.

Τῷ θεῷ ἕπου.

Follow the god.

This is one of the oracular sayings of ancient Greece. You can read more about these oracles at Wikipedia: Delphic oracles.

And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Proverbs: Jan. 27

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations (and there are always more proverbs at the blog):

Δικτύῳ ἄνεμον θηρᾶς.

You're hunting the wind with a net.
This is a proverbial fool's errand, because you cannot catch the wind in a net!

Λαγὼς καθεύδων.

The sleeping hare.

This saying also appears in Erasmus, who explains that it refers to a deception: the hare sleeps with its eyes open, or so the ancient Greeks and Romans supposed, fooling people into thinking it was awake. More about this folk tradition: Lagophthalmos or Hare Eye: An Etymologic Eye Opener.

Καρδία ἐλάφου.

The heart of a deer.

This is a saying indicating cowardice, and the words were famously used by Achilles when he taunted Agamemnon in the opening book of the Iliad: "οἰνοβαρές, κυνὸς ὄμματ᾽ ἔχων, κραδίην δ᾽ ἐλάφοιο," "weighed down with wine, having the face of a dog but the heart of a deer," where κραδίη ἐλάφοιο is the Homeric form of καρδία ἐλάφου. Here is the meter marked:

"οἰνοβα~ρές, κυνὸς ὄμματ᾽ ἔ~χων, κραδί~ην δ᾽ ἐλά~φοιο

There is an Aesop's fable about the proverbial cowardice of the deer.

ᾨὸν τίλλεις.

You're plucking an egg.

In other words: you are wasting your time! Unlike a bird, which can be plucked, a bird's egg is completely smooth; there is nothing to pluck. This is another proverbial adynaton (impossibility).

Τα παθήματα μαθήματα.

Sufferings (are) lessons.

The play on words in the Greek is lost in the English, alas, but it can be replicated in Latin: "Nocumentum, documentum." Both the words πάθημα and μάθημα are nouns formed from verbs: πάσχω, experience or suffer, and μανθάνω, learn, the idea being that to undergo some experience, especially a negative experience, teaches you a lesson. From the Greek root in πάθημα we get the English word empathy and from μάθημα, mathematics.

And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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