Greek Proverbs: May 7

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs (the quiz results display only at the blog, not in the email):

_____ αἰδοῦ.

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Ἱκέτας αἰδοῦ.

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_____ φύλαττε.

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Ἴδια φύλαττε.

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_____ χαρίζου.

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Φίλῳ χαρίζου.

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Φρόνει _____.

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Φρόνει θνητά.

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_____ διάλυε.

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Ἔχθρας διάλυε.

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Ἱκέτας αἰδοῦ.

Respect suppliants.

This is one of the so-called sayings recorded by Stobaeus; more information at Wikipedia: Delphic maxims. These maxims are a great way to practice imperatives, especially those sneaky middle imperatives: αἰδοῦ, from the deponent verb αἰδέομαι, which takes a direct object: ἱκέτας, from the noun ἱκέτης.

Ἴδια φύλαττε.

Protect what is yours.

This is another one of the Delphic maxims recorded by Stobaeus. The form φύλαττε is Attic; the dictionary form of the verb is φυλάσσω. And yes, English "idiot" is from Greek ἴδιος; details at the Wiktionary.

Φίλῳ χαρίζου.

Do a favor for your friend.

This is yet another one of those Delphic maxims.

The verb χαρίζου (from the root  χάρις) is a middle imperative.

Φρόνει θνητά.

Think mortal thoughts.

This is a kind of "memento mori" but in Greek, the idea being that you should think in mortal terms, taking the certainty of your own death into account. And yes, it is another one of the maxims recorded by Stobaeus. You can see the root of Greek θνητ- in the verb θνῄσκω and the noun θάνατος. The root also shows up in the English word euthanasia.

Ἔχθρας διάλυε.

Dissolve hatreds.

In other words, put a stop to them, break them up, let them go. This is one of the maxims attributed to the Seven Sages as reported in Stobaeus; all of today's little sayings come from that source! The Greek verb διαλύω is at the root of the English word dialysis.

_____ αἰδοῦ.

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Ἱκέτας αἰδοῦ.

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_____ φύλαττε.

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Ἴδια φύλαττε.

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_____ χαρίζου.

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Φίλῳ χαρίζου.

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Φρόνει _____.

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Φρόνει θνητά.

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_____ διάλυε.

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Ἔχθρας διάλυε.

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Proverbs: May 5

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs (the quiz results display only at the blog, not in the email):

Ὕπαγε ὀπίσω μου, ______.

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Ὕπαγε ὀπίσω μου, Σατανᾶ.

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Γνοὺς ______.

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Γνοὺς πρᾶττε.

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______ νόει.

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Ἀκούσας νόει.

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Ἄνω κάτω ______.

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Ἄνω κάτω πάντα.

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______ ὀρνίθων.

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Γάλα ὀρνίθων.

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Ὕπαγε ὀπίσω μου, Σατανᾶ.

Get behind me, Satan.

The words are from the Gospel of Mark, when Jesus rebukes Peter, a scene that is repeated in the Gospel of Matthew. The phrase later became part of the Catholic ritual of exorcism; see Wikipedia: Get Behind Me, Satan and also Wikipedia; Vade Retro, Satana.

Γνοὺς πρᾶττε.

Act on your knowledge.

I haven't translated the aorist participle literally, replacing it instead with a prepositional phrase. It's hard to know what to do those aorist participles in English! There's also a case to be made for rendering it as a verb in the same mood as the main verb: Learn, and act! This is one of the Delphic maxims recorded by Stobaeus. You can find out more at Wikipedia.

Ἀκούσας νόει.

After having listened, think.

This is another one of those maxims from Stobaeus. Note that it is the accent which tells you this is the imperative of a contract verb, νοέω: νόει. The 3rd-person indicate is νοεῖ. The verb in turn is from the noun νοῦς, "mind." You can see this root in English "noetic."

Ἄνω κάτω πάντα.

Everything is topsy-turvy.

You have two adverbs here: ἄνω, meaning "upwards," and κάτω, meaning "downwards." Those words are already familiar to you from their prepositional forms, ἀνά and κατά. This was a popular phrase in ancient Greek; you can see it used here in Demosthenes's speech Against Aristogiton.

Γάλα ὀρνίθων.

The milk of birds.

This is something that only a fool would seek: you can't get milk from a bird. Compare donkey's wool in a proverb you saw in an earlier blog post: Ὄνου πόκους ζητεῖς. From Greek ὄρνις we get ornithology, and from γάλα we get galaxy, as in the Milky Way Galaxy.

Ὕπαγε ὀπίσω μου, ______.

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Ὕπαγε ὀπίσω μου, Σατανᾶ.

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Γνοὺς ______.

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Γνοὺς πρᾶττε.

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______ νόει.

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Ἀκούσας νόει.

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Ἄνω κάτω ______.

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Ἄνω κάτω πάντα.

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______ ὀρνίθων.

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Γάλα ὀρνίθων.

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Proverbs: April 30

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs (the quiz answers display only at the blog, not in the email):

Μέτρον ______.

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Μέτρον ἄριστον.

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______ ἕψεις.

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Πέτρας ἕψεις.

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______ μετανόει.

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Ἁμαρτάνων μετανόει.

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Ἡ γὰρ τυραννὶς ἀδικίας ______ ἔφυ.

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Ἡ γὰρ τυραννὶς ἀδικίας μήτηρ ἔφυ.

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Βατράχῳ ______.

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Βατράχῳ ὕδωρ.

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Μέτρον ἄριστον.

Moderation (is) best.

The words are attributed to Cleobulus, one of the Seven Sages of ancient Greece. For more on this concept in Greek culture, see Wikipedia: Golden Mean.

Πέτρας ἕψεις.

You're boiling rocks.

In other words: you're wasting your time. No matter how long you boil a stone, it stays a stone. From the Greek πέτρα, we get English words like petrify, along with the name Peter. See this earlier blog post for a similar saying: Λίθον ἕψεις.

Ἁμαρτάνων μετανόει.

When you make a mistake, change your mind.

In other words: when you make a mistake, learn from your mistake! This is another one of the Delphic maxims, although both of these words went on to have somewhat different meanings in Christianity, where ἁμαρτάνω became a "sin" rather than just a mistake or error, and μετανόει became "repentance," rather than just changing your mind.

Ἡ γὰρ τυραννὶς ἀδικίας μήτηρ ἔφυ.

Tyranny is the mother of injustice.

The words come from Plutarch writing about Alexander the Great, quoting a line from a tragedy, "The Ransom of Hector," by Dionysius. Here is the iambic meter marked:

Ἡ γὰρ τυραν||νὶς ἀδ-(ι)κίας || μήτηρ ἔφυ.

From Greek τυραννίς, we get English "tyranny."

Βατράχῳ ὕδωρ.

Water for a frog.

This saying refers to making someone happy by giving them exactly what they want and/or need: frogs like water, so when you give water to frogs, they rejoice. A similar saying is Γαλῇ στέαρ, "Fat for a weasel." If you give a weasel some fat to eat, the weasel will be happy. From the root in Greek ὕδωρ, we get English words like hydrate, hydrant, etc.

Μέτρον ______.

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Μέτρον ἄριστον.

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______ ἕψεις.

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Πέτρας ἕψεις.

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______ μετανόει.

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Ἁμαρτάνων μετανόει.

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Ἡ γὰρ τυραννὶς ἀδικίας ______ ἔφυ.

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Ἡ γὰρ τυραννὶς ἀδικίας μήτηρ ἔφυ.

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Βατράχῳ ______.

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Βατράχῳ ὕδωρ.

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Proverbs: April 28

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations (and there are always more proverbs at the blog)... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs:

Ξυρεῖς ______.

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λέοντα

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Κρῖνε ______.

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δίκαια

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______ βραδέως.

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Σπεῦδε

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Εὔχου ______.

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δυνατά

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______ χαρίζου.

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Ἔχων

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Ξυρεῖς λέοντα.

You are shaving the lion.

This is a proverbial expression to warn someone that they are doing something that is dangerous. In Plato's Republic it appears in this form: ξυρεῖν ἐπιχειρεῖν λέοντα, "to attempt to shave the lion," literally putting your hand (ἐπι-χειρεῖν) to the task of shaving the lion. Compare the English saying, "to beard the lion in his own den," which similarly refers to a dangerous undertaking.

Κρῖνε δίκαια.

Discern what is right.

Notice that the Greek uses the plural adjective as a noun: (the things that are) right. You can also render this as an adverb in English: Judge justly. This is one of the maxims that Stobaeus attributes to the Seven Sages; find out more at Wikipedia: Delphic maxims. You can also find out more about the goddess of justice, Wikipedia: Dike.

Σπεῦδε βραδέως.

Hurry up slowly.

In other words: don't be slow, but don't be too fast either! This phrase became popular as a Latin saying, which has its own Wikipedia article: Festina lente. Compare a similarly paradoxical English saying: "More haste, less speed."

Εὔχου δυνατά.

Pray for things that are possible.

The verb εὔχου is a middle imperative from the deponent verb εὔχομαι; like many middle verbs it can still take a direct object: δυνατά, an adjective being used here as a noun, "possible (things)." This is another of the maxims attributed by Stobaeus to the Seven Sages.

Ἔχων χαρίζου.

If you have something, give it cheerfully.

Of course, Greek has managed to say all that with a participle and a verb; these so-called Delphic maxims are always pithy! The verb χαρίζου is one of those middle imperatives.

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Ξυρεῖς ______.

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λέοντα

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Κρῖνε ______.

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δίκαια

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______ βραδέως.

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Σπεῦδε

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Εὔχου ______.

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δυνατά

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______ χαρίζου.

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Ἔχων

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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