Greek Crossword 40-41-42

Here is the review for proverbs in groups 40-41-42 with the crossword puzzle! You can click on those group links to review those posts and/or click on the linked sayings below for the post with that specific saying:

• Ἀγαθὸν μέγιστον ἡ φρόνησίς ἐστ' ἀεί.
  
• Ἀλκήστιδος ἀνδρεία.
  
• Ἀνὴρ ἀτεχνὴς τοῖς πᾶσίν ἐστι δοῦλος.
  
• Ἅπας ἐχῖνος τραχύς.
  
• Αὐτὸς αὑτὸν αὐλεῖ.
  
• Βέβαιον οὐδέν ἐστιν ἐν θνητῷ βίῳ.
  
• Δὶς πρὸς τὸν αυτὸν αἰσχρὸν προσκρούειν λίθον.
  
• Ἡ δὲ κακὴ βουλὴ τῷ βουλεύσαντι κακίστη.
  
• Θεοῦ δ᾿ ὄνειδος τοὺς κακοὺς εὐδαιμονεῖν.
  
• Ὁ δ' ὄλβος οὐ βέβαιος, ἀλλ' ἐφήμερος.
  
• Ὁ κύων ὁ ζῶν αὐτὸς ἀγαθὸς ὑπὲρ τὸν λέοντα τὸν νεκρόν.
  
• Πρεσβύτερος Κόδρου.
  
• Σιγή ποτ' ἐστὶν αἱρετωτέρα λόγου.
  
• Τύχη τέχνην ὀρθοῖ, οὐ τέχνη τύχην.
  
• Τῶν γὰρ πενήτων εἰσὶν οἱ λόγοι κενοί.
  

Here are the sayings without spaces: see if you can find the word breaks! (I'm just doing the shorter ones because the long ones just keep running over longer than the line.)

α υ τ ο σ α υ τ ο ν α υ λ ε ι.

α λ κ η σ τ ι δ ο σ α ν δ ρ ε ι α.

α π α σ ε χ ι ν ο σ τ ρ α χ υ ς.

π ρ ε σ β υ τ ε ρ ο σ κ ο δ ρ ο υ.

β ε β α ι ο ν ο υ δ ε ν ε σ τ ι ν ε ν θ ν η τ ῳ β ι ῳ.

σ ι γ η π ο τ ε σ τ ι ν α ι ρ ε τ ω τ ε ρ α λ ο γ ο υ.

τ υ χ η τ ε χ ν η ν ο ρ θ ο ι ο υ τ ε χ ν η τ υ χ η ν.

And here's the crossword puzzle based on a missing word from each proverb: printable Crossword PDF. I've pasted in screenshots below so you can see what the crossword looks like:

And here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too :

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Philogelos compendium

Today's post is a bit different: it's a review of the Philogelos jokes that I shared in previous posts drawn from various Greek readers. I'm about to start on a Philogelos project with Hector Tapia (grad student at UC Davis working on Aesopic humor and other jokes), and it may result in a reader for students, so I wanted to see what stories I had found in the old textbooks thus far.

Below you will find a list of titles linked to their blog posts, and you can also find all that content copied-and-pasted into this document: Philogelos jokes from old Greek textbooks. There are 58 of these little jokes, so that is already a good start! Having them all in one place lets you search the document for a keyword, for example, if you want to find all the donkeys or doctors, all the references to slaves, etc.

For more Philogelos jokes in Greek (there are over 250 total!), see You've Got to Be Joking: An English Translation of the Philogelos by Annie McCabe, an undergraduate (!) thesis available for download at New College of Florida.

I also found some Philogelos cartoons online at the Language Museum. This one Τίς ὁ τεθνηκώς; (the cartoon is in English, but it includes the Greek text below).

These are links to past blog posts:

1. Ἀβδηρίτης καὶ ἰατρός
2. Ἀβδηρίτης καὶ χοιρίδιον
3. Ἀβδηρίτης τις κολυμβῶν
4. Ἀβδηρίτου στρουθίον
5. Αἱ πύλαι τῶν Ἀβδήρων
6. Δειλὸς κυνηγὸς
7. Δίδυμοι ἀδελφοί
8. Δικαίως μωροὶ καλούμεθα
9. Δύσκολος ἰατρός
10. Δύσκολὸς καὶ δοῦλος
11. Ἔμαθον ὅτι ἀπέθανες
12. Ἐπὶ δεῖπνον κληθείς
13. Ἡ λεκάνη μὴ ἔχουσα ὠτία
14. Ἡ λήκυθος
15. Ἡ μήτηρ Πριάμου
16. Ἡ περὶ τῶν βιβλίων ἐπιστολή
17. Καθ' ὕπνους ἰδὼν
18. Κριτήρια ἐν ᾍδου
19. Κυμαῖος ἰατρὸς
20. Κυμαῖος καὶ συκῆ
21. Κυμαῖός τις ἐν τῷ κολυμβᾶν
22. Κυμαῖός τις μέλι ἐπώλει
23. Ὀκνηρὸς υἱός
24. Ὃν ἐπώλησάς μοι δοῦλον
25. Ὄνος καὶ ἔλαιον
26. Πλοῖα ἀσφαλέστερα
27. Προσκεφάλαιον
28. Σιδώνιος σχολαστικός
29. Σχολαστικοὶ δύο καὶ μέλαινα ὄρνις
30. Σχολαστικὸς ἰατρῷ συναντήσας
31. Σχολαστικὸς καὶ ἀδελφοὶ δύο
32. Σχολαστικὸς καὶ διδάσκαλος
33. Σχολαστικὸς καὶ θρέμματα
34. Σχολαστικὸς καὶ ἰατρός
35. Σχολαστικός καὶ κλῖμαξ
36. Σχολαστικὸς καὶ κόραξ
37. Σχολαστικὸς καὶ κουρεύς
38. Σχολαστικὸς καὶ οἰκία
39. Σχολαστικὸς καὶ οἶνος
40. Σχολαστικὸς καὶ ὄνος
41. Σχολαστικὸς καὶ πώγων
42. Σχολαστικὸς καὶ σελήνη
43. Σχολαστικός καὶ στρουθοί
44. Σχολαστικὸς καὶ τὰ βιβλία αὑτοῦ
45. Σχολαστικὸς καὶ φρέαρ
46. Σχολαστικὸς μαχόμενος τῷ πατρὶ
47. Σχολαστικὸς ναυαγεῖν μέλλων
48. Σχολαστικὸς ναυαγῶν
49. Σχολαστικὸς νοσοῦντα ἐπισκεπτόμενος
50. Σχολαστικὸς νοσῶν καὶ γυνὴ
51. Σχολαστικὸς οἰκίαν πωλῶν
52. Σχολαστικὸς πεπαιδευμένος
53. Σχολαστικός τις ἐνοπτρίζεται
54. Σχολαστικός τις καὶ ποταμός
55. Σχολαστικοῦ υἱὸς
56. Τίς ὁ τεθνηκώς;
57. Ὑὸς κεφαλή
58. Φιλάργυρος

So, enjoy the jokes, and I'll be back next week with more stories from the old readers.

Plus here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Animal Vocabulary: July 17

Here are today's animal names; it's Group 183. Click on the word to learn more at Logeion:

ὗς ~ ὑός (noun c.): pig 

γαλέη ~ γαλέης (noun f.): weasel 

λύκος ~ λύκου (noun m.): wolf 

λαγώς ~ λαγώ (noun m.): hare 

μύρμηξ ~ μύρμηκος (noun m.): ant 

These are the proverbs (and there are always more proverbs at the blog):

Βοιωτία ὗς.

Γαλῆν ἔχεις.

Λύκος καλεῖ τὰς αἶγας.

Δειλότερος εἶ τῶν λαγωῶν.

Οὐαὶ μύρμηκι πτεροῖς ἀρθέντι.

And now, some commentary:

Βοιωτία ὗς.

A Boeotian pig.

This saying brings together two proverbially ignorant creatures: someone from Boeotia, and a pig. Combine the two, and you've got someone who is totally ignorant. You've already seen a proverb mocking the people of Boeotia in a previous post: Βοιώτιος νοῦς. You've also seen a saying mocking the ignorance of the foolish pig who dares to rival the goddess of wisdom in this post from last week: Ὗς πότ᾽ Ἀθηναίαν ἔριν ἤρισεν.

Γαλῆν ἔχεις.

You've got the weasel.

The weasel was a very bad omen, so telling someone that they have a weasel means that they are unlucky and going to get into trouble as a result. Compare the evil omen of a black cat crossing your path in English; there is a lot of folkloric overlap between weasels and cats (the ancient Greeks kept weasels in their houses to control mice; later, they adopted the Egyptian practice of keeping cats as pets).

Λύκος καλεῖ τὰς αἶγας.

The wolf is calling the goats.

The goats would be very foolish indeed if they came to the wolf when he called to them. Of course the wolf is going to try to trick the goats; it's up to the goats to know better and watch out. So, if you're a metaphorical goat, beware!

Δειλότερος εἶ τῶν λαγωῶν.

You are more cowardly than the rabbits.

There is an Aesop's fable about the proverbial cowardice of rabbits, but in the Aesop's fable, the rabbits are comforted by the fact that the frogs are even more scared than they are; here's that fable in Greek: Λαγωοὶ καὶ βάτραχοι.

Οὐαὶ μύρμηκι πτεροῖς ἀρθέντι.

Woe to the ant equipped with wings.

This proverb suggests a lost Aesop's fable; there are often connections between the plots of Aesop's fables and ancient Greek proverbs featuring animals, like this one. Inspired by this proverb, the neo-Latin poet Desbillons wrote a story about foolish ants who asked Zeus to give them wings, but then they became food for birds. Here's the story in Latin (I don't think Desbillons has been translated into English...?): Formica et Jupiter.

"hare" vase, circa 600 BCE

And here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Reading: 85

Today's stories come from Colson's Stories and Legends: A First Greek Reader which is available at the Internet Archive. 

You'll find the stories below, first in Greek, then segmented, and then interwoven with English; the title is linked to the Internet Archive page.

Ἀνὴρ καὶ ὄφις

(another version)

ἀνὴρ ἐθεάσατο ὄφιν ὑπὸ τοῦ χειμῶνος ἀπολλύμενον. ἐλεήσας δὲ ἐς τὸν κόλπον ἔθηκε. καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἡσύχαζεν: ὑπὸ γὰρ τοῦ κρύους ἐνάρκα. ἔπειτα θερμὸς γενόμενος δάκνει τὴν γαστέρα τοῦ ἀνδρός. ὁ δὲ μέλλων ἀποθνήσκειν ἔφη, δίκαια μέντοι πάσχω, ὃς τὸν πονηρὸν ᾦκτειρα.

ἀνὴρ ἐθεάσατο ὄφιν 

ὑπὸ τοῦ χειμῶνος ἀπολλύμενον. 

ἐλεήσας δὲ 

ἐς τὸν κόλπον ἔθηκε. 

καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἡσύχαζεν: 

ὑπὸ γὰρ τοῦ κρύους ἐνάρκα. 

ἔπειτα θερμὸς γενόμενος 

δάκνει τὴν γαστέρα τοῦ ἀνδρός. 

ὁ δὲ μέλλων ἀποθνήσκειν ἔφη, 

δίκαια μέντοι πάσχω, 

ὃς τὸν πονηρὸν ᾦκτειρα.

ἀνὴρ ἐθεάσατο ὄφιν  ...  A man saw a snake 

ἀπολλύμενον  ...  perishing

ὑπὸ τοῦ χειμῶνος  ...  in the winter cold.

ἐλεήσας δὲ  ...  Feeling sorry for the snake 

ἐς τὸν κόλπον ἔθηκε  ...  he put it in his cloak. 

καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἡσύχαζεν  ...  At first it was quiet,  

ὑπὸ γὰρ τοῦ κρύους ἐνάρκα  ...  being stiff with cold. 

ἔπειτα θερμὸς γενόμενος  ...  But when it warms up,

δάκνει τοῦ ἀνδρός  ...  it bites the man

τὴν γαστέρα  ...  in the belly.

ὁ δὲ ἔφη  ...  And the man said

μέλλων ἀποθνήσκειν  ...  as he was about to die, 

δίκαια μέντοι πάσχω  ...  I suffer what is just

ὃς ᾦκτειρα  ...  since I pitied 

τὸν πονηρὸν  ...  someone wicked.

1701 edition of Phaedrus's fables

Τυφλός καὶ κύων

τυφλῷ τινι γέροντι μικρὸς κύων ἦν. οὗτος δὲ κανοῦν περιφέρων, συνέλεγε σιτία καὶ ἄργυρον. ἀπὸ δὲ τούτων ἐτρέφετο ὁ γέρων. καὶ ἧκεν ποτε ὁ κύων ἐς τὴν οἰκίαν τινὸς ἀρτάμου. ὁ δὲ ἄρταμος, ὠμὸς γὰρ ἀνὴρ ἦν, εἶπε τῷ κυνί, σὺ δὴ δοκεῖς κρέας αἰτεῖν· ἔσται σοι ὃ βούλει. ἀποκόψας οὖν τὴν οὐρὰν τοῦ κυνός, ἐνέθηκε τῷ κανῷ. καὶ ὁ κύων φέρει μὲν οἴκαδε τὸ κανοῦν, ἔπειτα δὲ ἀποθνήσκει.

τυφλῷ τινι γέροντι 

μικρὸς κύων ἦν. 

οὗτος δὲ κανοῦν περιφέρων, 

συνέλεγε σιτία καὶ ἄργυρον. 

ἀπὸ δὲ τούτων ἐτρέφετο ὁ γέρων. 

καὶ ἧκεν ποτε ὁ κύων 

ἐς τὴν οἰκίαν τινὸς ἀρτάμου. 

ὁ δὲ ἄρταμος, 

ὠμὸς γὰρ ἀνὴρ ἦν, 

εἶπε τῷ κυνί, 

σὺ δὴ δοκεῖς κρέας αἰτεῖν· 

ἔσται σοι ὃ βούλει. 

ἀποκόψας οὖν 

τὴν οὐρὰν τοῦ κυνός, 

ἐνέθηκε τῷ κανῷ. 

καὶ ὁ κύων 

φέρει μὲν οἴκαδε τὸ κανοῦν, 

ἔπειτα δὲ ἀποθνήσκει.

τυφλῷ τινι γέροντι  ...  A blind old man

μικρὸς κύων ἦν  ...  had a little dog. 

οὗτος δὲ  ...  The dog

κανοῦν περιφέρων  ...  carried around a basket, 

συνέλεγε  ... and collected

σιτία καὶ ἄργυρον  ...  food and money. 

ἀπὸ δὲ τούτων  ... That is what

ἐτρέφετο ὁ γέρων  ...  the old man lived on.

καὶ ἧκεν ποτε ὁ κύων  ...  Once the dog came 

ἐς τὴν οἰκίαν  ...  to the house

τινὸς ἀρτάμου  ...  of a butcher.

ὁ δὲ ἄρταμος  ...  The butcher, 

ὠμὸς γὰρ ἀνὴρ ἦν  ...  because he was a cruel man, 

εἶπε τῷ κυνί  ...  said to the dog, 

σὺ δὴ δοκεῖς αἰτεῖν  ...  You seem to be asking me 

κρέας  ...  for meat.

ἔσται σοι ὃ βούλει  ...  This will give you what you want. 

ἀποκόψας οὖν  ...  And so he cut off 

τὴν οὐρὰν τοῦ κυνός  ...  the dog's tail

ἐνέθηκε τῷ κανῷ  ...  and put it in the basket. 

καὶ ὁ κύων  ...  And the dog 

φέρει μὲν τὸ κανοῦν  ...  carries the basket

οἴκαδε  ...  home, 

ἔπειτα δὲ ἀποθνήσκει  ...  and then dies.

(This one comes from Germany, and this "Dog of Bretten" story appears in quite different versions; here's just one of them: The Tailless Dog.)

Dog of Bretten merch!

And here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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