Sunday, February 18, 2024

The Trodden Snake

 A First Easy Greek Reading Book by E. V. Fowle. Internet Archive link. This is reading 9 in the Fables section. There are notes for each story and also a specific vocabulary for each story. In addition to fables, the book contains tales and anecdotes, mythology, Alexander the Great, and the Gospel of John: table of contents.

Ὄφις, ὑπὸ πολλῶν ἀνθρώπων πατούμενος, τῷ Διὶ ἐνετύγχανεν περὶ τούτου. Ὁ δὲ Ζεὺς πρὸς αὐτὸν εἶπεν· "ἀλλ᾿ εἰ τὸν πρότερον πατήσαντα ἔπληξας, οὐκ ἂν ὁ δεύτερος ἐπεχείρησε τοῦτο ποιῆσαι."
Ὁ μῦθος δηλοῖ, ὅτι οἱ τοῖς πρώτοις ἐπιβαίνοντες τοῖς ἄλλοις φοβεροὶ γίγνονται.

Ὄφις,
πατούμενος
ὑπὸ πολλῶν ἀνθρώπων,
ἐνετύγχανεν τῷ Διὶ
περὶ τούτου.

Ὁ δὲ Ζεὺς
εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὸν·
"ἀλλ᾿
εἰ ἔπληξας
τὸν πρότερον πατήσαντα,
ὁ δεύτερος
οὐκ ἂν ἐπεχείρησε
ποιῆσαι τοῦτο."

Ὁ μῦθος δηλοῖ ὅτι
οἱ ἐπιβαίνοντες
τοῖς πρώτοις
γίγνονται φοβεροὶ
τοῖς ἄλλοις.



A snake
Ὄφις,
stepped on by many people
ὑπὸ πολλῶν ἀνθρώπων
πατούμενος,
appealed to Zeus about it
τῷ Διὶ ἐνετύγχανεν
περὶ τούτου.
Zeus said to him
Ὁ δὲ Ζεὺς
πρὸς αὐτὸν εἶπεν·
"But if you had struck
the person
who first stepped on you
ἀλλ᾿ εἰ
τὸν πρότερον πατήσαντα
ἔπληξας,
a second person
would not dare to do that
οὐκ ἂν ὁ δεύτερος
ἐπεχείρησε
τοῦτο ποιῆσαι."
The fable shows that
Ὁ μῦθος δηλοῖ ὅτι
those who resist
their first (enemies)
οἱ τοῖς πρώτοις
ἐπιβαίνοντες
become terrifying
to their other (enemies)
τοῖς ἄλλοις
φοβεροὶ γίγνονται.




Friday, February 16, 2024

Dialogue: Zeus and Hermes

A Greek Reader for the Use of Schools by C. C. Felton. Internet Archive link. This is reading 2 in the Lucian section. There are notes for each story and also a vocabulary in the back of the book. You will find Aesop, Lucian, and a variety of other authors in this book: table of contents.

Ζεύς. Τὴν τοῦ Ἰνάχου παῖδα τὴν καλὴν οἶσθα, ὦ Ερμῆ;
Ἑρμῆς. Ναί· τὴν Ἰὼ λέγεις.
Ζεύς. Οὐκέτι παῖς ἐκείνη ἐστίν, ἀλλὰ δάμαλις.
Ἑρμῆς. Τεράστιον τοῦτο· τῷ τρόπῳ δ᾽ ἐνηλλάγη;
Ζεύς. Ζηλοτυπήσασα ἡ Ἥρα μετέβαλεν αὐτήν. ἀλλα καὶ καινὸν ἄλλο τι δεινὸν ἐπιμεμηχάνηται τῇ κακοδαίμονι· βουκόλον τινὰ πολυόμματον Ἄργον τοὔνομα ἐπέστησεν, ὃς νέμει τὴν δάμαλιν ἄϋπνος ὤν.
Ἑρμῆς. Τί οὖν ἡμᾶς χρὴ ποιεῖν;
Ζεύς. Καταπτάμενος ἐς τὴν Νεμεαν — ἐκεῖ δέ που ὁ Ἄργος βουκολεῖ — ἐκεῖνον μὲν ἀπόκτεινον, τὴν δὲ Ἰὼ διὰ τοῦ πελάγους ἐς τὴν Αἴγυπτον ἀπαγαγὼν, Ἶσιν ποίησον. Καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ἔστω θεὸς τοῖς ἐκεῖ· καὶ τὸν Νεῖλον ἀναγέτω, καὶ τοὺς ἀνέμους ἐπιπεμπέτω, καὶ σωζέτω τοὺς πλέοντας.

Ζεύς. ὦ Ερμῆ,
οἶσθα
τὴν τοῦ Ἰνάχου παῖδα
τὴν καλὴν;

Ἑρμῆς. Ναί·
λέγεις τὴν Ἰὼ.

Ζεύς. ἐκείνη
οὐκέτι ἐστίν παῖς,
ἀλλὰ δάμαλις.

Ἑρμῆς. τοῦτο τεράστιον ·
τῷ τρόπῳ δε
ἐνηλλάγη;

Ζεύς.  ἡ Ἥρα,
ζηλοτυπήσασα,
μετέβαλεν αὐτήν.
ἀλλα
καὶ ἄλλο τι καινὸν δεινὸν
ἐπιμεμηχάνηται
τῇ κακοδαίμονι·
ἐπέστησεν
βουκόλον τινὰ
πολυόμματον
Ἄργον τοὔνομα,
ὃς
νέμει τὴν δάμαλιν
ὤν ἄϋπνος.

Ἑρμῆς. Τί οὖν
χρὴ
ἡμᾶς ποιεῖν;

Ζεύς. Καταπτάμενος
ἐς τὴν Νεμεαν —
ἐκεῖ δέ που
ὁ Ἄργος βουκολεῖ —
ἀπόκτεινον μὲν
ἐκεῖνον,
ἀπαγαγὼν δὲ
τὴν Ἰὼ
διὰ τοῦ πελάγους
ἐς τὴν Αἴγυπτον,
ποίησον
Ἶσιν.
Καὶ 
ἔστω θεὸς
τοῖς ἐκεῖ
τὸ λοιπὸν·
καὶ ἀναγέτω τὸν Νεῖλον,
καὶ ἐπιπεμπέτω τοὺς ἀνέμους ,
καὶ σωζέτω τοὺς πλέοντας.


Zeus.
The beautiful daughter of Inachus
Τὴν τοῦ Ἰνάχου παῖδα
τὴν καλὴν
do you know her. O Hermes?
οἶσθα, ὦ Ερμῆ;
Hermes.
Yes
Ναί·
you're talking about Io
τὴν Ἰὼ λέγεις.
Zeus.
She is no longer a girl
Οὐκέτι παῖς
ἐκείνη ἐστίν,
but is a heifer
ἀλλὰ δάμαλις.
Hermes.
That's weird
Τεράστιον
τοῦτο·
how did she get changed?
τῷ τρόπῳ δ᾽
ἐνηλλάγη;
Zeus.
Hera got jealous
Ζηλοτυπήσασα
ἡ Ἥρα
and changed her
μετέβαλεν
αὐτήν.
But on top of that
ἀλλα καὶ
she's devised
a new suffering
καινὸν
ἄλλο τι δεινὸν
ἐπιμεμηχάνηται
for the wretched creature
τῇ κακοδαίμονι·
She's appointed
a many-eyed cowherd,
Argus by name
βουκόλον τινὰ
πολυόμματον
Ἄργον τοὔνομα
ἐπέστησεν,
who drives the heifer
ὃς νέμει
τὴν δάμαλιν,
unsleeping as he is
ἄϋπνος ὤν.
Hermes.
So what do we need to do?
Τί οὖν
ἡμᾶς χρὴ ποιεῖν;
Zeus. Fly down to Nemea
Καταπτάμενος
ἐς τὴν Νεμεαν —
for that's where Argus
is herding her
ἐκεῖ δέ που
ὁ Ἄργος βουκολεῖ —
kill him
ἐκεῖνον μὲν
ἀπόκτεινον,
lead Io
across the sea
to Egypt
τὴν δὲ Ἰὼ
διὰ τοῦ πελάγους
ἐς τὴν Αἴγυπτον
ἀπαγαγὼν,
and make her
into Isis
Ἶσιν ποίησον.
And hereafter
Καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν
let her be a goddess
to the people there
ἔστω θεὸς
τοῖς ἐκεῖ·
and let her raise
the Nile
καὶ τὸν Νεῖλον
ἀναγέτω,
and let her send forth
the winds
καὶ τοὺς ἀνέμους
ἐπιπεμπέτω,
and let her
rescue sailors
καὶ σωζέτω
τοὺς πλέοντας.


Aeschylus and the Tortoise

Stories and Legends: A First Greek Reader by F. H. Colson. Internet Archive link. This is reading 3 in the Stories and Fables section. There are brief notes for each story and also a vocabulary in the back of the book. The book contains Stories and Fables, Mythology, Athenian Anecdotes, Spartan Anecdotes, Miscellaneous Stories, Alexander Stories, Games and Oracles, and Philosophers: table of contents.

Αἰσχύλιος ὁ ποιητὴς, γέρων γενόμενος, φαλακρὸς ἦν τὴν κεφαλήν. ἐπεὶ δέ ποτε ἐν ἀγρῷ περιεπάτει, ἐπετετο ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ ἀετός, χελώνην ἔχων ἐν ταῖς χερσίν. καὶ ὁ ἀετός, θέλων ἐσθίειν τὴν χελώνην, οὐκ ἐδύνατο διὰ τὸ δέρμα. ἰδὼν δὲ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ Αἰσχύλου, λευκὴν οὖσαν, ἐνόμιζε λίθον εἶναι. κατέβαλεν οὖν τὴν χελώνην, βουλόμενος ἐπὶ τῷ λίθῳ ῥηγνύναι τὸ δέρμα. ἡ δὲ χελώνη, ἐπιπεσοῦσα τῇ κεφαλῇ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς, ἀπέκτεινεν αὐτόν.

Αἰσχύλιος
ὁ ποιητὴς,
γενόμενος γέρων,
ἦν φαλακρὸς
τὴν κεφαλήν.

ἐπεὶ δέ ποτε
περιεπάτει ἐν ἀγρῷ ,
ἀετός
ἐπετετο ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ,
ἔχων χελώνην 
ἐν ταῖς χερσίν.

καὶ ὁ ἀετός,
θέλων
ἐσθίειν τὴν χελώνην,
οὐκ ἐδύνατο
διὰ τὸ δέρμα.

ἰδὼν δὲ
τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ Αἰσχύλου,
οὖσαν λευκὴν,
ἐνόμιζε
εἶναι λίθον.
κατέβαλεν οὖν
τὴν χελώνην,
βουλόμενος
ῥηγνύναι τὸ δέρμα
ἐπὶ τῷ λίθῳ.

ἡ δὲ χελώνη,
ἐπιπεσοῦσα
τῇ κεφαλῇ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς,
ἀπέκτεινεν αὐτόν.


Aeschylus the poet
Αἰσχύλιος ὁ ποιητὴς,
having grown old
γέρων γενόμενος,
was bald-headed
φαλακρὸς ἦν
τὴν κεφαλήν.
When he was once
strolling
in the countryside
ἐπεὶ δέ ποτε
ἐν ἀγρῷ περιεπάτει,
an eagle
flew over him
ἐπετετο ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ
ἀετός,
having a tortoise
in its claws
χελώνην ἔχων
ἐν ταῖς χερσίν.
And the eagle
καὶ ὁ ἀετός,
wanting
to eat the tortoise
θέλων ἐσθίειν τὴν χελώνην,
was not able to do so 
οὐκ ἐδύνατο
because of the shell
διὰ τὸ δέρμα.
Having seen
Aeschylus's head
ἰδὼν δὲ τὴν κεφαλὴν
τοῦ Αἰσχύλου,
white as it was
λευκὴν οὖσαν,
the eagle thought
it was a rock
ἐνόμιζε
λίθον εἶναι.
So the eagle
dropped the tortoise
κατέβαλεν οὖν τὴν χελώνην,
intending
 to shatter the shell
on the rock
βουλόμενος
ἐπὶ τῷ λίθῳ
ῥηγνύναι τὸ δέρμα.

And the tortoise 
ἡ δὲ χελώνη,
falling
on the man's head
ἐπιπεσοῦσα
τῇ κεφαλῇ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς,
killed him
ἀπέκτεινεν αὐτόν.




Tuesday, February 13, 2024

The Theft of Fire

A Greek Reader, by Peter Bullions. Internet Archive link. This is reading 3 in the 7. Miscellaneous Fables. There are notes for each story and also a vocabulary in the back of the book. This book contains the Jacobs readings, followed by Incredible Stories, plus long selections from Isocrates and Xenophanes.

Προμηθεὺς, Ἰαπετοῦ καὶ Ἀσίας υἱὸς, ἔξ ὕδατος καὶ γῆς ἀνθρώπους  πλάσας, ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς καὶ πῦρ, λάθρᾳ Διὸς, ἐν νάρθηκι κρύψας. ὡς δὲ ᾔσθετο Ζεύς, ἐπέταξεν Ἡφαίστῳ τῷ Καυκάσῳ ὄρει τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ προσηλῶσαι. Τοῦτο δὲ Σκυθικὸν ὄρος ἐστίν. ἐν δὴ τούτῳ προσηλωθεὶς Προμηθεὺς πολλῶν ἐτῶν ἀριθμὸν διετέλεσε. Καθ᾽ ἑκάστην δὲ ἡμέραν ἀετὸς ἐφιπτάμενος, τὸ ἧπαρ αὐτοῦ ἐνέμετο, αὐξανομένον διὰ νυκτός. Καὶ Προμηθεὺς μὲν πυρὸς κλαπέντος δίκην ἔτινε ταύτην, μέχρις Ἡρακλῆς αὐτὸν  ἔλυσεν.

Προμηθεὺς,
υἱὸς Ἰαπετοῦ καὶ Ἀσίας,
πλάσας ἀνθρώπους
ἔξ ὕδατος καὶ γῆς,
ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς
καὶ πῦρ,
λάθρᾳ Διὸς,
κρύψας
ἐν νάρθηκι .

ὡς δὲ
Ζεύς ᾔσθετο,
ἐπέταξεν Ἡφαίστῳ
προσηλῶσαι
τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ
τῷ Καυκάσῳ ὄρει.

Τοῦτο δὲ
Σκυθικὸν ὄρος ἐστίν.

Προμηθεὺς δὴ,
προσηλωθεὶς
ἐν τούτῳ, 
διετέλεσε
ἀριθμὸν πολλῶν ἐτῶν.

Καθ᾽ ἑκάστην δὲ ἡμέραν
ἀετὸς,
ἐφιπτάμενος,
ἐνέμετο
τὸ ἧπαρ αὐτοῦ,
αὐξανομένον
διὰ νυκτός.

Καὶ Προμηθεὺς μὲν
ἔτινε
ταύτην δίκην
πυρὸς κλαπέντος
μέχρις
Ἡρακλῆς
ἔλυσεν αὐτὸν .


Prometheus
Προμηθεὺς
the son of Iapetus and Asia
Ἰαπετοῦ καὶ Ἀσίας
υἱὸς, 
having molded people
from water and earth
ἔξ ὕδατος καὶ γῆς
ἀνθρώπους πλάσας, 
gave them also fire
ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς
καὶ πῦρ, 
unbeknownst to Zeus
λάθρᾳ Διὸς, 
having hidden it
in a fennel stalk
ἐν νάρθηκι
κρύψας. 
But when Zeus
realized this
ὡς δὲ ᾔσθετο
Ζεύς, 
he ordered Hephaestus
ἐπέταξεν Ἡφαίστῳ 
to pin his body
to Mount Caucasus
τῷ Καυκάσῳ ὄρει
τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ
προσηλῶσαι. 
That is
a mountain in Scythia.
Τοῦτο δὲ
Σκυθικὸν ὄρος ἐστίν. 
Pinned there
ἐν δὴ τούτῳ
προσηλωθεὶς 
Prometheus passed
a total of many years
Προμηθεὺς
πολλῶν ἐτῶν ἀριθμὸν
διετέλεσε. 
Each day
Καθ᾽ ἑκάστην δὲ ἡμέραν 
an eagle flew to him
ἀετὸς ἐφιπτάμενος, 
and consumed
his liver
τὸ ἧπαρ αὐτοῦ
ἐνέμετο, 
which grew back
by night
αὐξανομένον
διὰ νυκτός. 
And so Prometheus
paid this penalty
for the theft of fire
Καὶ Προμηθεὺς μὲν
πυρὸς κλαπέντος
δίκην ἔτινε ταύτην, 
until Heracles
freed him
μέχρις Ἡρακλῆς
αὐτὸν ἔλυσεν.



The Cup of Diogenes

First Greek Reader, by A. H. Bryce. Internet Archive link. This is reading 14 in the Anecdotes section. There are brief notes for each story and also a vocabulary in the back of the book. This book contains Witticism of Hierocles, Anecdotes, Fables of Aesop, and Dialogues of Lucian.

Θεασάμενός ποτε παιδίον ταῖς χερσὶ πῖνον, Διογένης ἐξέρριψε τῆς πήρας τὴν κοτύλην, εἰπων, "Παιδίον με νενίκηκεν εὐτελείᾳ." Ἐξέβαλε δὲ καὶ τὸ τρυβίον, ὁμοίως παιδίον θεασάμενος, ἐπειδὴ κατέαξε τὸ σκεῦος, τῷ κοίλῳ ἄρτῳ τὴν φακῆν ὑποδεχόμενον.

Θεασάμενός ποτε
παιδίον
πῖνον
ταῖς χερσὶ,
Διογένης
ἐξέρριψε
τῆς πήρας
τὴν κοτύλην,
εἰπων,
"Παιδίον
νενίκηκεν με
εὐτελείᾳ."

Ἐξέβαλε δὲ
καὶ τὸ τρυβίον,
ὁμοίως θεασάμενος
παιδίον,
ἐπειδὴ κατέαξε τὸ σκεῦος,
ὑποδεχόμενον
τὴν φακῆν
τῷ κοίλῳ ἄρτῳ.


Having once observed
a child
Θεασάμενός ποτε
παιδίον 
drinking from his hands,
ταῖς χερσὶ
πῖνον, 
Diogenes discarded
Διογένης ἐξέρριψε 
the cup from his sack
τῆς πήρας
τὴν κοτύλην, 
saying
εἰπων
"The child
has beaten me in thrift."
"Παιδίον
με νενίκηκεν
εὐτελείᾳ." 
He also threw away
his bowl,
Ἐξέβαλε δὲ 
καὶ τὸ τρυβίον, 
likewise having observed
the child
ὁμοίως
παιδίον θεασάμενος, 
after he had broken
his container
ἐπειδὴ
κατέαξε τὸ σκεῦος, 
taking his lentil-stew
in a hollowed-out
piece of bread
τῷ κοίλῳ ἄρτῳ
τὴν φακῆν
ὑποδεχόμενον.