Greek Proverbs: May 28

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs (the quiz results display only at the blog, not in the email):

______ γεωργεῖν.

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Ἀνέμους γεωργεῖν.

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______ μὴ πίστευε.

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Τύχῃ μὴ πίστευε.

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Νέα ______.

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Νέα χελιδών.

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______ πέτρα.

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Ἀγέλαστος πέτρα.

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Ἀπὸ ______ θεός.

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Ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός.

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Ἀνέμους γεωργεῖν.

To farm the winds.

This is another proverbial fool's errand. You are supposed to farm the earth, which is literally what the word means: the γεωργός, "farmer," is someone does work ἔργον on the earth γεω-. Nothing will come of farming the winds. Of course, now in the 21st century we do have wind-farms! From the Greek word ἄνεμος we get English "anemometer" which measures the speed of the wind. And from Greek farming, we get the name George in English.

Τύχῃ μὴ πίστευε.

Don't trust in luck.

This is one of the so-called Delphic maxims recorded by Stobaeus; you can find out more at Wikipedia.

Νέα χελιδών.

A new swallow.

The swallow was the proverbial herald of spring, and so the new swallow referred to the advent of springtime (see Aristophanes' Knights). In connection with this saying, Erasmus cites an ancient song from Rhodes: Ἦλθε, ἦλθε χελιδών, καλὰς ὧρας ἄγουσα καὶ καλοὺς ἐνιαυτούς, "Come, come, swallow, bringing good seasons and good times." This Greek folk song even has its own article at Wikipedia: Swallow song of Rhodes. From the same Greek root in νέα, we get all the neo- words in English like neolithic, neologism, etc.

Ἀγέλαστος πέτρα.

The un-laughing stone.

This refers to the stone at Eleusis on which the grieving Demeter rested while she searched for her daughter Persephone; see Wikipedia: Abduction of Persephone for that story. Note that the alpha-privative adjective ἀ-γέλαστος does not have a distinct feminine form; instead, the feminine and masculine forms are the same. This is true not just for alpha-privatives but for many other compound adjectives as well.

Ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός. 
God from the machine.
This is better known in its Latin form: Deus ex machina. The machine in question is the crane used in ancient Greek theater to lower a god onto the stage, and the phrase refers to some unexpected event; find out more at Wikipedia: Deus ex machina. From Greek θεός we get English theology, the name Theo, and many other words.

______ γεωργεῖν.

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Ἀνέμους γεωργεῖν.

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______ μὴ πίστευε.

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Τύχῃ μὴ πίστευε.

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Νέα ______.

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Νέα χελιδών.

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______ πέτρα.

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Ἀγέλαστος πέτρα.

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Ἀπὸ ______ θεός.

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Ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός.

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Proverbs: May 26

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs (the quiz results display only at the blog, not in the email):

Ἡ ______ ἐν φάτνῃ.

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Ἡ κύων ἐν φάτνῃ.

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Ἐφέσια ______.

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Ἐφέσια γράμματα.

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______ ὀρχεῖται.

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Κάμηλος ὀρχεῖται.

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Πλούτει ______.

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Πλούτει δικαίως.

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Μίδας ______ ὦτα.

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Μίδας ὄνου ὦτα.

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The dog in the manger.

This alludes to the fable of the dog in the manger: he cannot eat the hay that is there, but he will not let the other animals eat it either. So, the dog in the manger is a proverbial miser, not enjoying his wealth in any way while at the same time not sharing it with others. You can see some English versions of the fable here: The Dog in the Manger.

Ἐφέσια γράμματα.

Ephesian letters.

This refers to meaningless words with magical power that were inscribed on the famous statue of Artemis at Ephesus. The words in and of themselves were "senseless" (ἄσημα ὀνόματα), but they supposedly offered supernatural protection to the person who could pronounce them correctly. You can find out more at Wikipedia: Ephesia Grammata. Compare the English phrase "mumbo jumbo" and other "gibberish."

Κάμηλος ὀρχεῖται.

The camel is dancing.

This is another example of something ridiculous: camels have many talents, but dancing is not one of them. There is an Aesop's fable in which a camel attempts to make a good impression on the other animals by dancing, and instead they just laugh.

Πλούτει δικαίως.

Get rich fairly.

In other words, as you pursue wealth play by the rules, δικαίως, doing what is right. The word πλούτει is an imperative of the contract verb πλουτέω, from the noun πλοῦτος, meaning wealth, riches, etc. Πλοῦτος is also the name of the Greek god of wealth; find out more at Wikipedia: Plutus.

Μίδας ὄνου ὦτα.

Midas (has) the ears of a donkey.

This saying refers to an ancient legend about Midas and his barber, which you can read at Wikipedia. Midas kept his donkey ears wrapped up in a turban, a secret known only to his barber, but his barber could not resist whispering the secret into a hole in the ground; grass grew in that spot, and then the grass whispered the story to every passerby — and so Midas's secret became common knowledge. There are similar stories in many different cultures; see Midas and other folktales of type 782 collected by Dan Ashliman, which includes examples from Europe, India, and the Philippines. You can see the root of Greek οὖς (ὠτός) in English medical terms such as otologist and otolaryngologist.

 

Ἡ ______ ἐν φάτνῃ.

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Ἡ κύων ἐν φάτνῃ.

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Ἐφέσια ______.

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Ἐφέσια γράμματα.

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______ ὀρχεῖται.

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Κάμηλος ὀρχεῖται.

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Πλούτει ______.

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Πλούτει δικαίως.

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Μίδας ______ ὦτα.

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Μίδας ὄνου ὦτα.

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Proverbs: May 21

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs (the quiz results display only at the blog, not in the email):

Λαγὼν _______.

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Λαγὼν καθεύδων.

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Ἰχθύων _______.

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Ἰχθύων βίος.

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_______ ἐν νεφέλαις.

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Ἀετὸς ἐν νεφέλαις.

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_______ ἀπέχου.

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Ἀλλοτρίων ἀπέχου.

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_______ φύλαττε.

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Φιλίαν φύλαττε.

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Λαγὼν καθεύδων.

A sleeping rabbit.

According to the ancients (see Dio Chrysostom, for example), rabbits slept with their eyes open. So the idea of this proverb is that appearances can be deceiving: the rabbit is sleeping, but you don't realize it because of those wide open eyes.

Ἰχθύων βίος.

The lifestyle of fish.

This saying is shorthand for when powerful people take advantage of weaker people, just as big fish devour the little fish. It is sometimes called "the Law of Fish" in English, or "the Law of the Jungle." You can see this proverbial usage in Polybius: τὸν λεγόμενον τῶν ἰχθύων βίον, with τὸν λεγόμενον indicating the proverbial status of the phrase. 

Ἀετὸς ἐν νεφέλαις.

An eagle in the clouds.

This saying can be applied to several different situations: to something lofty and great, especially if it excels others, and also to something that is difficult or even impossible to obtain. You can see Erasmus's Adagia for a variety of Greek citations.

Ἀλλοτρίων ἀπέχου.

Keep away from other people's things.

Note the middle imperative: "keep (yourself) away." This is another of the so-called Delphic maxims recorded by Stobaeus; find out more here at Wikipedia.

Φιλίαν φύλαττε.

Preserve friendship.

The nice word-play in the Greek doesn't come through in the English, alas. This is another one of the sayings recorded in the Delphic Maxims of Stobaeus. You see the Attic form of the verb φυλάσσ-. You can see the root of this Greek verb in English "prophylactic." For the related noun φύλαξ, see below.

Λαγὼν _______.

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Λαγὼν καθεύδων.

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Ἰχθύων _______.

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Ἰχθύων βίος.

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_______ ἐν νεφέλαις.

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Ἀετὸς ἐν νεφέλαις.

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_______ ἀπέχου.

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Ἀλλοτρίων ἀπέχου.

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_______ φύλαττε.

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Φιλίαν φύλαττε.

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Proverbs: May 19

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs (the quiz results display only at the blog, not in the email):

______ ἐν ῥόδοις.

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Κύων ἐν ῥόδοις.

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Πλούτῳ ______.

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Πλούτῳ ἀπίστει.

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______ ποῖ πορεύῃ;

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Γλῶσσα ποῖ πορεύῃ;

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Ἐκ ______ στόματος.

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Ἐκ λύκου στόματος.

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Ἡφαίστειος ______.

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Ἡφαίστειος δεσμός.

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Κύων ἐν ῥόδοις.

A dog in the roses.

The idea here is incongruity, and also disparaging the dog: not only does a dog have nothing to do with roses, but a dog supposedly has no way to appreciate the roses either. (Dogs don't get a lot of respect in Greek proverbs.)

Πλούτῳ ἀπίστει.

Put no faith in wealth.

This is one of the so-called Delphic maxims recorded by Stobaeus. The verb ἀπίστει is an alpha-privative: ἀ-πίστει. The noun πλοῦτος is also the name of the god of wealth (as in English "plutocracy," like we have now in this country, alas); find out more at Wikipedia: Plutus.

Γλῶσσα ποῖ πορεύῃ;

Tongue, where are you going?

This proverb invokes the idea that the tongue (words, language) can be a force for good or a force for evil. Here is the saying in full as it appears in the Greek proverb collections: γλῶσσα, ποῖ πορεύῃ; πόλιν ἀνορθώσουσα καὶ πόλιν καταστρέψουσα; "Tongue, where are you going? To build the city up or to tear it down?"

Ἐκ λύκου στόματος.

From the mouth of the wolf.

As Erasmus explains, this refers to an unexpectedly good outcome because someone in the mouth of the wolf does not expect to escape alive. Compare the English saying "from the jaws of death." Erasmus cites a similar passage from Horace, hoedus ereptus lupo, "a kid snatched from the wolf," and Erasmus also suggests a connection to the Aesopic fable about the crane (or heron) and the wolf, where the crane kindly but foolishly offers to get a bone out of the wolf's throat and is lucky to escape alive.

Ἡφαίστειος δεσμός.

The Hephaestean bond.

Erasmus provides a very cool-sounding Latin version of the Greek: Vulcanium vinculum (Vulcan was the Roman name for the god Hephaestus). The saying alludes to the famous incident in the Iliad when Hephaestus forged a chain-link net to bind his wife Aphrodite in bed with her lover Ares; you can read about this story at Wikipedia: Hephaestus and Aphrodite.

______ ἐν ῥόδοις.

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Κύων ἐν ῥόδοις.

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Πλούτῳ ______.

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Πλούτῳ ἀπίστει.

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______ ποῖ πορεύῃ;

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Γλῶσσα ποῖ πορεύῃ;

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Ἐκ ______ στόματος.

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Ἐκ λύκου στόματος.

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Ἡφαίστειος ______.

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Ἡφαίστειος δεσμός.

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Proverbs: May 14

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs (the quiz results display only at the blog, not in the email):

Εἰς ______ σπείρεις.

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Εἰς ὕδωρ σπείρεις.

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______ τὸν οὐρανόν.

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Ἄτλας τὸν οὐρανόν.

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Μὴ ______ μάχαιραν.

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Μὴ παιδὶ μάχαιραν.

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Οἱ φῶρες τὴν ______.

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Οἱ φῶρες τὴν βοήν.

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Πάντα πλήρη ______.

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Πάντα πλήρη θεῶν.

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Εἰς ὕδωρ σπείρεις.

You're sowing in water.

This is a fool's errand: seed should be planted in the earth, not water. In particular, this refers to someone doing favors for a person who is not going to ever return the favor. Compare a version in Theognis where someone is foolishly sowing seed in the hoar-salt sea: σπείρειν πόντον ἁλὸς πολιῆς.

Ἄτλας τὸν οὐρανόν.

Atlas (holds up) the sky.

In this saying, the Greek can let the nominative and accusative cases convey the meaning, with the verb being implied but not stated; that's harder to do in English.  After the Titanomachy (the war between the Titans and the Olympians, which the Titans lost), Atlas the Titan was condemned to forever hold the heavens upon his shoulders; you can read more at Wikipedia: Atlas. At one point, Atlas did get Heracles to take on the burden instead, promising that if Heracles would hold up the sky, he would retrieve the apples that grew in the garden of the his daughters, the Hesperides. However, when Atlas returned with the apples, Heracles then tricked him into holding up the heavens again, which Atlas is presumably doing unto this day. As Erasmus explains, the proverb thus refers to people who get involved with powerful, dangerous people and thus bring trouble upon themselves, as in the story of Atlas and Heracles. 

It is from the name of this Titan that we get the English word "atlas" as in a collection of maps of the world; more about the etymology of "atlas" in English.

Μὴ παιδὶ μάχαιραν.

Do not (give) a knife to a child.

The verb is implied by the content of the nominative and dative nouns and the negative μή which is used with commands. As with the English word "child," the Greek word παῖς can refer to a girl or a boy; this is known as common gender. Find out more: Gender Diversity in Greek and Latin Grammar.

Οἱ φῶρες τὴν βοήν.

Thieves (fear) the outcry.

As Erasmus explains, the saying can refer not just to thieves but to any guilty person who is acutely aware of their own guilt and fearful of being found out. This is another example of a proverb where the verb is implied by the cases of the nouns. From the noun βοή comes the Greek contract verb βοάω.

Πάντα πλήρη θεῶν.

All things are full of the gods.

This is a saying attributed to Thales and which is cited by both Plato and Aristotle among others. You can read more about Thales at Wikipedia.

Εἰς ______ σπείρεις.

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Εἰς ὕδωρ σπείρεις.

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______ τὸν οὐρανόν.

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Ἄτλας τὸν οὐρανόν.

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Μὴ ______ μάχαιραν.

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Μὴ παιδὶ μάχαιραν.

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Οἱ φῶρες τὴν ______.

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Οἱ φῶρες τὴν βοήν.

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Πάντα πλήρη ______.

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Πάντα πλήρη θεῶν.

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Proverbs: May 12

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs (the quiz results display only at the blog, not in the email):

Ἄρχε ______.

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Ἄρχε σεαυτοῦ.

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Πρᾶττε ______.

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Πρᾶττε δίκαια.

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______ ἀπίστει.

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Πλούτῳ ἀπίστει.

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______ φοβοῦ.

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Δόλον φοβοῦ.

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______ πόκαι.

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Ὄνου πόκαι.

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Ἄρχε σεαυτοῦ.

Have control over yourself.

The verb ἄρχω takes a genitive complement: σεαυτοῦ. This is one of the maxims of the Seven Sages as recorded by Stobaeus; find out more at Wikipedia: Delphic Maxims.

Πρᾶττε δίκαια.

Do the right things.

This is another one of the maxims that Stobaeus attributes to the Seven Sages. The word πρᾶττε is Attic; you will also see the form πρᾶσσε; the related verbal nouns πρᾶγμα and πρᾶξις give us the English words "pragmatic" and "praxis."

Πλούτῳ ἀπίστει.

Put no faith in wealth.

Yet another one of the so-called Delphic maxims recorded by Stobaeus. The verb ἀπίστει is an alpha-privative: ἀ-πίστει. The noun πλοῦτος is also the name of the god of wealth; find out more at Wikipedia: Plutus.

Δόλον φοβοῦ.

Fear deceit.

Don't let φοβοῦ fool you; it's the imperative form of a contract deponent verb, middle voice (φοβέομαι), and it's also from Stobaeus.

Ὄνου πόκαι.

Wool from a donkey.

This is another one of those proverbial fool's errands: you get wool from a sheep, not from a donkey. The word "wool" is usually masculine, πόκος, but the feminine appears persists in this saying. You've seen a variation on this saying in an earlier post with the masculine form: Ὄνου πόκους ζητεῖς.

Ἄρχε ______.

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Ἄρχε σεαυτοῦ.

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Πρᾶττε ______.

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Πρᾶττε δίκαια.

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______ ἀπίστει.

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Πλούτῳ ἀπίστει.

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______ φοβοῦ.

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Δόλον φοβοῦ.

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______ πόκαι.

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Ὄνου πόκαι.

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Proverbs: May 7

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs (the quiz results display only at the blog, not in the email):

_____ αἰδοῦ.

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Ἱκέτας αἰδοῦ.

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_____ φύλαττε.

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Ἴδια φύλαττε.

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_____ χαρίζου.

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Φίλῳ χαρίζου.

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Φρόνει _____.

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Φρόνει θνητά.

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_____ διάλυε.

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Ἔχθρας διάλυε.

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Ἱκέτας αἰδοῦ.

Respect suppliants.

This is one of the so-called sayings recorded by Stobaeus; more information at Wikipedia: Delphic maxims. These maxims are a great way to practice imperatives, especially those sneaky middle imperatives: αἰδοῦ, from the deponent verb αἰδέομαι, which takes a direct object: ἱκέτας, from the noun ἱκέτης.

Ἴδια φύλαττε.

Protect what is yours.

This is another one of the Delphic maxims recorded by Stobaeus. The form φύλαττε is Attic; the dictionary form of the verb is φυλάσσω. And yes, English "idiot" is from Greek ἴδιος; details at the Wiktionary.

Φίλῳ χαρίζου.

Do a favor for your friend.

This is yet another one of those Delphic maxims.

The verb χαρίζου (from the root  χάρις) is a middle imperative.

Φρόνει θνητά.

Think mortal thoughts.

This is a kind of "memento mori" but in Greek, the idea being that you should think in mortal terms, taking the certainty of your own death into account. And yes, it is another one of the maxims recorded by Stobaeus. You can see the root of Greek θνητ- in the verb θνῄσκω and the noun θάνατος. The root also shows up in the English word euthanasia.

Ἔχθρας διάλυε.

Dissolve hatreds.

In other words, put a stop to them, break them up, let them go. This is one of the maxims attributed to the Seven Sages as reported in Stobaeus; all of today's little sayings come from that source! The Greek verb διαλύω is at the root of the English word dialysis.

_____ αἰδοῦ.

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Ἱκέτας αἰδοῦ.

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_____ φύλαττε.

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Ἴδια φύλαττε.

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_____ χαρίζου.

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Φίλῳ χαρίζου.

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Φρόνει _____.

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Φρόνει θνητά.

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_____ διάλυε.

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Ἔχθρας διάλυε.

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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Greek Proverbs: May 5

Here are today's Greek proverbs with LOLCats! These are repeats of previous proverbs, but now with illustrations... and with a quiz too! See how you do on the questions up top, and then try them again down below after you've read through the proverbs (the quiz results display only at the blog, not in the email):

Ὕπαγε ὀπίσω μου, ______.

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Ὕπαγε ὀπίσω μου, Σατανᾶ.

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Γνοὺς ______.

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Γνοὺς πρᾶττε.

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______ νόει.

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Ἀκούσας νόει.

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Ἄνω κάτω ______.

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Ἄνω κάτω πάντα.

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______ ὀρνίθων.

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Γάλα ὀρνίθων.

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Ὕπαγε ὀπίσω μου, Σατανᾶ.

Get behind me, Satan.

The words are from the Gospel of Mark, when Jesus rebukes Peter, a scene that is repeated in the Gospel of Matthew. The phrase later became part of the Catholic ritual of exorcism; see Wikipedia: Get Behind Me, Satan and also Wikipedia; Vade Retro, Satana.

Γνοὺς πρᾶττε.

Act on your knowledge.

I haven't translated the aorist participle literally, replacing it instead with a prepositional phrase. It's hard to know what to do those aorist participles in English! There's also a case to be made for rendering it as a verb in the same mood as the main verb: Learn, and act! This is one of the Delphic maxims recorded by Stobaeus. You can find out more at Wikipedia.

Ἀκούσας νόει.

After having listened, think.

This is another one of those maxims from Stobaeus. Note that it is the accent which tells you this is the imperative of a contract verb, νοέω: νόει. The 3rd-person indicate is νοεῖ. The verb in turn is from the noun νοῦς, "mind." You can see this root in English "noetic."

Ἄνω κάτω πάντα.

Everything is topsy-turvy.

You have two adverbs here: ἄνω, meaning "upwards," and κάτω, meaning "downwards." Those words are already familiar to you from their prepositional forms, ἀνά and κατά. This was a popular phrase in ancient Greek; you can see it used here in Demosthenes's speech Against Aristogiton.

Γάλα ὀρνίθων.

The milk of birds.

This is something that only a fool would seek: you can't get milk from a bird. Compare donkey's wool in a proverb you saw in an earlier blog post: Ὄνου πόκους ζητεῖς. From Greek ὄρνις we get ornithology, and from γάλα we get galaxy, as in the Milky Way Galaxy.

Ὕπαγε ὀπίσω μου, ______.

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Ὕπαγε ὀπίσω μου, Σατανᾶ.

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Γνοὺς ______.

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Γνοὺς πρᾶττε.

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______ νόει.

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Ἀκούσας νόει.

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Ἄνω κάτω ______.

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Ἄνω κάτω πάντα.

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______ ὀρνίθων.

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Γάλα ὀρνίθων.

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And to finish up, here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:

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