ὁ ~ τοῦ (article m.): the
ὁμοίως (adverb): likewise, the same
ἔνθεν (adverb): whence, from where
καί (conj.): and, also, even
παρά (prep.+gen.): from
These are the proverbs (and there are always more proverbs at the blog):
Βελισαρίῳ ὀβολὸν δότε τῷ στρατηλάτῃ.
Θεσμοὺς δ᾽ ὁμοίως τῷ κακῷ τε κἀγαθῷ.
Ἁλῶν δὲ φόρτος ἔνθεν ἦλθεν, ἔνθ' ἔβη.
Χρόνῳ τὰ πάντα γίγνεται καὶ κρίνεται.
Λόγον παρ' ἐχθροῦ μήποθ' ἡγήσῃ φίλον.
And now, some commentary:
Βελισαρίῳ ὀβολὸν δότε τῷ στρατηλάτῃ.
Give an obolus to General Belisarius.
This is a line from the Chiliades of the Byzantine historian Tzetzes, and Belisarius was one of the great generals during the rule of the Byzantine emperor Justinian. There is a legend, probably not historical, that when Belisarius was charged with participating in a conspiracy against the emperor, Justinian had Belisarius's eyes put out, condemning him to be a beggar; hence this saying. You can see a discussion at Wikipedia: Legend as a blind beggar.
Θεσμοὺς δ᾽ ὁμοίως τῷ κακῷ τε κἀγαθῷ.
[I wrote] laws equally for the bad and for the good.
A law, θεσμός, is that which is "laid down," from the verb τίθημι. This is a saying attributed to the Athenian lawmaker Solon; you can find out more at Wikipedia: Solon. Specifically, this is part of the Σεισάχθεια, the "debt relief laws," which also has its own Wikipedia article: Seisachtheia. The Seisachtheia is quoted in Aristotle's Athenian Constitution. (I just have to add: those of you who know me know that I am a devoted reader of David Graeber, and the best book to start with is his genius book on the history of debt and debt relief: Debt: The First 5000 Years.)
Ἁλῶν δὲ φόρτος ἔνθεν ἦλθεν, ἔνθ' ἔβη.
Whence the load of salt came, so it went.
The story goes that there was a merchant who was sailing with a load of salt. The ship filled with water, which dissolved the salt, and then the ship itself sank! So the salt came from sea water, and back into the sea it dissolved. By analogy, the saying applies to anyone who loses something that they have acquired. Compare the English saying, "Easy come, easy go."
Χρόνῳ τὰ πάντα γίγνεται καὶ κρίνεται.
In time all things occur and are judged.
Note the characteristic use of singular verbs, γίγνεται and κρίνεται, with the neuter plural subject: τὰ πάντα. Another version of this saying reads: Νόμῳ τὰ πάντα γίγνεται καὶ κρίνεται, with νόμῳ, "according to custom, practice, law" instead of χρόνῳ. This is one of the monostichs (one-liners) of Menander in iambic meter:
Χρόνῳ | τὰ πάν||τα γίγ|νεται || καὶ κρί|νεται ||
Λόγον παρ' ἐχθροῦ μήποθ' ἡγήσῃ φίλον.
Don't ever consider the word of an enemy to be friendly.
Note the 2nd-person middle form: ἡγήσῃ, with μήποθ' alerting you to the presence of an imperative or a subjunctive, as here (jussive subjunctive, a form of command). This is another one of Menander's monostichs in iambic meter:
Λόγον | παρ' ἐχ||θροῦ μή|ποθ' ἡ||γήσῃ | φίλον ||
And here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too:
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