Saturday, April 12, 2025

Greek Vocabulary Challenge: April 12

Here are today's vocabulary words; it's Group 158. Click on the word to learn more at Logeion:

υἱός ~ υἱοῦ (noun m.): son 
ὥρα ~ ὥρας (noun f.): time, season, hour 
φρήν ~ φρενός (noun f.): midriff; heart, mind 
βασιλεία ~ βασιλείας (noun f.): kingdom, kingship, reign 
εὐσέβεια ~ εὐσεβείας (noun f.): reverence, piety 

These are the proverbs (and there are always more proverbs at the blog):

Ἡ σοφία υἱοὺς αὐτῆς ἀνύψωσεν.

Ὥρα τὰ πάντα τοῦ βίου κρίνει καλῶς.

Ἡ γλωσσ' ὀμωμοχ' ἡ δὲ φρὴν ανώμοτος.

Βασίλεια δ' εἰκών ἐστιν ἔμψυχος θεοῦ.

Ὑπὲρ εὐσεβείας καὶ λάλει καὶ μάνθανε.

And now, some commentary:

Ἡ σοφία υἱοὺς αὐτῆς ἀνύψωσεν.
Wisdom has raised up her sons.
The words are from the Biblical Book of Sirach. The noun σοφία is personified here as a mother; you can read more about the religious traditions of Sophia at Wikipedia. For the Jewish tradition, see Wikipedia: Chokmah.

Ὥρα τὰ πάντα τοῦ βίου κρίνει καλῶς.
Time judges fairly everything in life.
This is another one of those monostichs of Menander; here is the meter marked:
Ὥρα | τὰ πάν||τα τοῦ | βίου || κρίνει | καλῶς.
Compare other optimistic sayings that you've seen about the passage of time, like this one from a previous post: Χρόνος τὰ κρυπτὰ πάντα ἐς φάος ἄγει. The Horai were personified as goddesses both of natural order and also of natural justice; you can find out more at Wikipedia: Horae. You can see Greek ὥρα in English "horoscope." 

Ἡ γλωσσ' ὀμωμοχ' ἡ δὲ φρὴν ανώμοτος.
The tongue has sworn, but the heart is unsworn.
The words are spoken by Hippolytus in Euripides' play of the same name. The meter is thus iambic:
Ἡ γλωσ|σ' ὀμω||μοχ' ἡ | δὲ φρὴν || ανώ|μοτος.
You can see Greek φρήν in English "frenetic" (and thus also "frantic").

Βασίλεια δ' εἰκών ἐστιν ἔμψυχος θεοῦ.
The kingship is a living icon of God.
This is another of the monostichs of Menander, so it is also iambic:
Βασίλει|α δ' εἰ||κών ἐσ|τιν ἔμ||ψυχος | θεοῦ.
The word βασιλεία can refer to kingdom in the sense of a domain, but it can also refer to "kingship" in the sense of the king's rule, or even the king himself. You can see the root βασιλ- in the names Basil, Vassily, etc.

Ὑπὲρ εὐσεβείας καὶ λάλει καὶ μάνθανε.
Both speak and learn with reverence.
Another iambic monostich!
Ὑπὲρ εὐ|σεβεί||ας καὶ | λάλει || καὶ μάν| θανε.
The two imperatives provide a nice opportunity to compare the difference accentuation of imperatives: μάνθανε is the accent for an -ω verb, while λάλει is the accent for a contract -εω verb. You can see the εὐσεβ- root in the name Eusebius, and the σεβ- root in Sebastian.


And here's a random proverb and a random LOLCat too :




Click here to subscribe/unsubscribe to the email list.



No comments:

Post a Comment