Daily Greek Vocabulary Challenge: Dec. 13

Here are today's vocabulary words; it's Group 125. These are proverbs you may have seen before (weeks ago), but this time I am featuring different vocabulary items. Click on the word to learn more at Logeion:

δανείζω ~ δανείσω ~ ἐδάνεισα: lend 

μεθίστημι ~ μεταστήσω ~ μετέστην: change, remove 

ἐκφεύγω ~ ἐκφεύξομαι ~ ἐξέφυγον: escape, flee 

θεραπεύω ~ θεραπεύσω ~ ἐθεράπευσα: attend, heal 

μεταδίδωμι ~ μεταδώσω ~ μετέδωκα: distribute, share 

These are the proverbs (and there are always more proverbs at the blog):

Τὸ φῶς ἡλίῳ δανείζεις.

Τὸ μέλλον οὐδεὶς ἐκφύγοι.

Ἰατρὲ, θεράπευσον σεαυτόν.

Ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου μετάστηθι.

Ὁ ἔχων δύο χιτῶνας μεταδότω τῷ μὴ ἔχοντι.

And now, some commentary:

Τὸ φῶς ἡλίῳ δανείζεις.
You're loaning light to the sun.
This is a proverb about acting both foolishly and presumptuously: the sun doesn't need any light from you! From Greek φωτο- we get a huge number of English photo- words, and from ἥλιος we get English helium and also heliotrope. For more about the sun god Ἥλιος, see Wikipedia: Helios.

Ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου μετάστηθι.
Move out of the sunshine.
These are the words famously spoken by the Cynic philosopher Diogenes to Alexander the Great, as reported by Plutarch in his Life of Alexander. Alexander was curious to meet Diogenes and was eager to do him a favor. He found Diogenes lying in the sunshine; all Diogenes wanted from Alexander was for him to stop blocking his sunshine. This famous anecdote has its own Wikipedia article: Diogenes and Alexander.

Τὸ μέλλον οὐδεὶς ἐκφύγοι.
No one can escape what is coming.
The verb ἐκφύγοι is in the optative mood, expressing potential: people might wish to escape what is coming, but nobody can escape, οὐδεὶς ἐκφύγοι. The participial phrase τὸ μέλλον means "that which is coming," i.e. the future, fate, destiny, etc.

Ἰατρὲ, θεράπευσον σεαυτόν.
Physician, heal yourself.
This famous saying has an article of its own at Wikipedia: Physician, heal thyself. It comes from the Gospel of Luke. There is also an Aesop's fable with a similar moral: The Frog Physician. The form θεράπευσον is an aorist imperative.

Ὁ ἔχων δύο χιτῶνας μεταδότω τῷ μὴ ἔχοντι.
Let the one who has two garments give to the one who has none.
The words also come from the Gospel of Luke. The second part of the verse urges the same with regard to food: καὶ ὁ ἔχων βρώματα ὁμοίως ποιείτω, "and let the one who has food do the same." Note the third-person imperatives: μεταδότω and ποιείτω.

Diogenes and Alexander

And here's a random proverb too:

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